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What analysts need to understand about business events - v1.2
- 1. WHAT ANALYSTS NEED TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT
BUSINESS EVENTS...
Paul Vincent, TIBCO Software
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 2. What we shall cover in this session
1. What are “events”…
Business building blocks: events, processes
2. Events in Business Analysis
Events in REA, EPC etc
3. Identifying Events in Business Processes
Events in Processes, BPMN
4. Events as Goals
Can we detect other events of interest? Can we predict events?
5. The trend to Event-Driven
Corporations and Vendors moving in this direction…
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 4. What do we mean by “Event”
• Observation or some Happening
– “customer order arrived”
– “policy form completed”
– “policy form checked as valid”
• Change in State
– “policy activated”
– “customer order processed”
– “goods in-transit”
• Message
– Customer order message
– Stock situation update
– New policy for new product
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 5. Why Do We Care About Events?
• Life is event-driven. People are event-driven.
Customers are event-driven.
– Learning to ride a bicycle
– Responding to flame and fire
– Crossing the street
– Purchasing food
• Government & Business is also event-driven
• Traditional IT systems are less so
– Batch
– … but this is changing
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 6. Events are one of the fundamentals of
business systems
• Process tasks / work
• Actor / Role
• Time Data IO
• Input / output Data
• Events
Some item of work
Start Event
+
End Event
Occurs over some time /
Progress Event
at some time
Data Access Event
Timeout Event
.... © Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 7. How can I model Events
at the business-appropriate level?
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 8. Business Models for Events
• Event Classifications
– E.g. List all customer events
– E.g. List all events that affect a customer contract (/entity)
– E.g. List all events that need procedure statements / documented actions
– GOOD: initial starting point
– BAD: what is the context?
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 9. 1. State Models
• A “lifecycle” model
• Relates events to states of some entity
– E.g. Customer: prospect, customer, ex-customer, repeat-customer, ...
• GOOD: easy to relate to, common standard (UML)
• BAD: what aspect / characteristic should “state” refer to? Status with
respect to what?
Level of detail or granularity?
“UML is an IT standard and
therefore not relevant to me”
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 10. 2. Event Process Chain Models
• A high-level process model
• Relates events to functions (processes)
– E.g. Customer: receive order, check stock, ...
• GOOD: simplistic process model
• BAD: high level detail only
Not a standard (Aris)
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 11. 3. Resources Events Agents (REA) Models
• A resource model
• Relates economic (increment and decrement) events between agents
– C.f. transactions
– E.g. Customer: receives-goods, provides-money, ...
• GOOD: maps to organisation (agents)
supports value-chain perspective
• BAD: economic aspect
might be limiting
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 12. How can I model Events
at the “process” level?
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 13. 4. Business Process (BPMN) Models
• A process / task model
• Relates events as drivers of process tasks
– E.g. Customer: application-received, application-confirmed, ...
– Also: events of process-start and process-end
• GOOD: relates to activities
• BAD: simple orchestrated
processes only
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 14. BPMN is the Pro Standard for Process Models
• 63 types of event!
– Message
– Timer
– Escalation
– Conditional
– Link
– Error
– Cancel
– Compensation
– Signal
– Multiple
– Parallel Multiple
– Terminate
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 16. What are events in our business / systems?
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_case
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 17. Events of Interest
Relevant event of interest
• Fraud / Theft
– Thousands-millions of high-value small-size product items
Product location
– Complex production & supply chain change
• Logistics / Scheduling
– Raw material, production & delivery scheduling and
resources Resource, requirement
change
• Activity Monitoring
– Complex production and supply process with multiple
actors
Resource, requirement
change
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 18. Event identification / discovery
1. Identify actors and roles
2. Identify what they do
and when they do it
3. List the events
+ sources and destinations
+ preconditions
+ timescale for usage
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 19. Events Usage
Note – is this event
related to a
process
or a
lifecycle?
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 21. Events of Interest
Relevant event of interest
• Fraud / Theft
– Thousands-millions of high-value small-size product items
Product location
– Complex production & supply chain change
– How do you identify known patterns of “suspicious”
behavior?
• Logistics / Scheduling
– Raw material, production & delivery scheduling and Resource, requirement
change
resources are complex, human- and time-dependent, and
prone to change
– Changes and production switches can lead to
misallocation of resources - How do we do this better?
• Activity Monitoring Resource, requirement
change
– Complex production and supply process with multiple
actors
– Key Performance Indicators need to be directly actionable
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 22. Classifying Events
• Positive Events
– Product item X arrives at Production station S from Store T
– Production worker Y arrives at Production station S
– Production contract for item Z by time T is posted
• Negative Events
– Product item X has been in transit to Store T for >15 minutes
– Subcomponent Y hasn’t arrived at the Production station by the ETA
– Delivery of contract Z has not taken place
• Sets of Events
– 5+ items of Product item type Y failed to arrive at destination
– Supplier Y was 5 mins late for 1 delivery, but made it early to the next
– Return rate on component Z exceeds SLA %
Missing events
Reinforcement events
Aggregate events
Weakening events
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 23. What Events do you Really Want to Find?
• Customer Service Failure
• Customer Churn
• Equipment Failure
• SLA Exceeded
• Sales Opportunity
• Improve Customer Satisfaction Opportunity
• Reduce cost-of-business opportunity
• ...
These are not simple events
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 24. Event Definitions vs Business Rules
Upon Assign
Suspicion Investigator
of Fraud
• Capturing Business Rules from Business Processes:
Example = “Spontaneous Event Initiating a Process”
• Pattern Question: what specific conditions produce a spontaneous
event that initiates a business process?
Building Business Solutions:
Business Analysis with Business Rules
Ch7 Business Rules and Business Process Models
R Ross and G Lam, 2011
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 26. EPTS Event Processing Reference Architecture
Event Reaction
Assessment, Routing, Prediction,
Discovery, Learning
State Management
0..*
Complex Event Detection
Consolidation, Composition,
Aggregation
0..*
Event Analysis
Analytics, Transforms, Tracking,
Scoring, Rating, Classification
0..*
Event Preparation
Identification, Selection, Filtering,
Monitoring, Enrichment
0..*
Event Production Event Consumption
Application Time Dashboard, Apps,
Publication, Retrieval External Reaction
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 27. Event Channels
Event Reaction
Assessment, Routing, Prediction,
Where do events come from,
Discovery, Learning
State Management
0..*
Complex Event Detection and
Consolidation, Composition, they go?
where to
Aggregation
(producers, consumers)
0..*
Event Analysis
Analytics, Transforms, Tracking,
Scoring, Rating, Classification
0..*
Event Preparation
Identification, Selection, Filtering,
Monitoring, Enrichment
0..*
Event Production Event Consumption
Application Time Dashboard, Apps,
Publication, Retrieval External Reaction
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 28. Event Preparation
Event Reaction
Assessment, Routing, Prediction,
Discovery, Learning
State Management
0..*
What selection operations
Complex Event Detection
Consolidation, Composition,
do I need to perform?
Aggregation
0..*
Event Analysis
Analytics, Transforms, Tracking,
Scoring, Rating, Classification
0..*
Event Preparation
Identification, Selection, Filtering,
Monitoring, Enrichment
0..*
Event Production Event Consumption
Application Time Dashboard, Apps,
Publication, Retrieval External Reaction
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 29. Event Analysis
Event Reaction
Assessment, Routing, Prediction,
What computations
Discovery, Learning
State Management
do I need to perform?
0..*
Complex Event Detection
Consolidation, Composition,
Aggregation
0..*
Event Analysis
Analytics, Transforms, Tracking,
Scoring, Rating, Classification
0..*
Event Preparation
Identification, Selection, Filtering,
Monitoring, Enrichment
0..*
Event Production Event Consumption
Application Time Dashboard, Apps,
Publication, Retrieval External Reaction
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 30. Complex Event Detection
Event Reaction
Assessment, Routing, Prediction,
Discovery, Learning
State Management
0..*
Complex Event Detection
Consolidation, Composition,
Aggregation
0..*
Event Analysis
Analytics, Transforms, Tracking,
Scoring, Rating, Classification
0..*
Event Preparation
What event correlations or patterns
Identification, Selection, Filtering,
Monitoring, Enrichment
do I need to0..*
find?
Event Production Event Consumption
Application Time Dashboard, Apps,
Publication, Retrieval External Reaction
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 31. Event Reaction
Event Reaction
Assessment, Routing, Prediction,
Discovery, Learning
State Management
0..*
Complex Event Detection
Consolidation, Composition,
Aggregation
0..*
Event Analysis
Analytics, Transforms, Tracking,
Scoring, Rating, Classification
0..*
Event Preparation
What event actions
Identification, Selection, Filtering,
Monitoring, Enrichment
do I need to perform?
0..*
Event Production Event Consumption
Application Time Dashboard, Apps,
Publication, Retrieval External Reaction
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 32. Event Lifecycle
Event Reaction
Assessment, Routing, Prediction,
Discovery, Learning
State Management
Score as high risk 0..*
Complex Event Detection
Consolidation, Composition,
Aggregation
Match id change to new 0..*
listing risk
Event Analysis Invoke
AntiFraud
Analytics, Transforms, Tracking,
Procedure
Scoring, Rating, Classification
Nth Listing in time m 0..*
Event Preparation
Identification, Selection, Filtering,
Monitoring, Enrichment
Listing / id change
0..*
Event Production Event Consumption
Application Time Dashboard, Apps,
Publication, Retrieval External Reaction
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 34. 5. Event Dependencies
• Expressions of event orderings
• Relates events together as meaningful facts
– E.g. Customer application-started
followed by a Custom web session-timeout within 20minutes
but not followed by a Customer application-completed within 20 minutes
• GOOD: relates events to events
• BAD: not a common practice in modelling OR technology
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 36. A Simpler Model for Processing Business Events
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 37. FedEx
“We need Event Decision-making Capabilities ... “
“That’s where we are moving to
event-oriented systems ...”
“We need to make very real-time decisions
about these shipments... “
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 38. You need to find the light at the end of ...
...the Decision Tunnel.
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 39. AllState
“We feed the ESB business events to our process
and CEP engines, and to our Data Warehouse.”
“... We have 800 [CEP] rules engines
and its the
fastest growing [service] technology we use...”
“... We monitor BAM reports to change rules
overnight...
and increased closing rates by 15%”
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 40. Forrester
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 41. Something to think about...
• We want agile processes • Process changes + rule changes
– Respond to change are
• We want agile decisions Events!
– Change over time? • Change process / performance
monitoring are related / can be
managed...
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.
- 43. Q&A
© Copyright 2000-2011 TIBCO Software Inc.