Solar system

1. Presentation by D.Vijayakumar Amateur Astronomer Life Member - Tamilnadu Astronomy Association Email ID : vijayorion@yahoo.com

2. A journey to our SOLAR SYSTEM

3. SOLAR NEBULA Nearly 5 billions years ago,our Sun was formed within a cloud of gas And dust in a spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy.

5. Formation of our Solar System

10. Sun details Sun Diameter : 1.4 million km Revolution : 25 days Distance From Earth : 92 million miles (147 million km) Surface Temperature : 6,000˚ C

11. Mercury Mercury nearest to the sun, only slightly larger than the Earth’s Moon. Its surface is covered with Craters. Average distance from the sun : 57,900,000 km

12. Mercury

15. Mercury Physical & Orbital Data Mercury diameter : 4,878 km Distance from the sun : 57,900,000 km Orbital Period : 88 Earth days Rotation : 58.65 Earth days Tilt of Axis : 0˚ Satellite : none

16. VENUS Venus a “sister” planet to the earth. Hottest planet in the Solar system. It’s reflective cloud cover makes it one of the brightest planet in the night sky. It has a very thick and Poisonous Atmosphere, rich in Carbon-di-oxide Creates a strong GREENHOUSE effect causing temperature to rise as high as 480 °c

17. Venus

18. Venus land area A radar image of the volcano Maat Mons, taken by the Magellan space craft in 1990.

20. Venus Physical & Orbital Data Diameter : 12,104 km Distance from the sun : 10.82 ( crore km) Orbital Period : 224.7 Earth days Rotation : 243.01 Earth days Tilt of Axis : 177.4° Satellite : none

21. Earth Earth is our home planet, is a beautiful blue and white ball when seen from space. It is the largest planet in the inner planet . Earth is the only planet know to support life and to have liquid water At the surface.

22. Earth

23. Day and Night

25. Applo 18 took the picture

26. Earth Physical & orbital detail Earth diameter : 12,756 km Distance from the sun : 149.6 million km (15 crore km ) Orbital Period : 365.26 Earth days Rotation : 23 hr 56 min 4 sec Tilt of Axis : 23.5° Satellite : One

27. Moon

28. Earth's only natural satellite and the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System. The average centre-to-centre distance from the Earth to the Moon is 3,84,403 km, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth. 400 times smaller than the Sun. The Moon makes a complete orbit around the Earth every 27.3 days is called one Lunation. Moon

33. Jura Mountain

34. Earth's only natural satellite and the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System. The average centre-to-centre distance from the Earth to the Moon is 3,84,403 km, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth. 400 times smaller than the Sun. The Moon makes a complete orbit around the Earth every 27.3 days is called one Lunation. Moon

35. Mars Mars is Earth’s outer neighbor, is the Forth planet from the Sun. Mars’ bright appearance and reddish Color stand out in the night sky. With a rocky crust and mantle and a metallic core. It even has polar ice caps.

36. Mars

38. Phobos

39. Mars moon Deimos

40. Mars Rover

41. Mars polar Ice cap

42. Mars Physical &Orbital Data Mars Diameter : 6,787 km Distance from sun : 228 million km (22.79 crore km) Orbital Period : 689.98 Earth days Rotation : 24 hr 37 min 23 sec Tilt of Axis : 1.85° Satellite : Two

43. Jupiter Jupiter is the Solar System’s largest planet. Its mainly hydrogen and helium atmosphere resembles that of our Sun. On January 7, 1610, using his Primitive telescope, astronomer Galileo Galilei saw four small “Stars” near Jupiter. He had discovered.

44. Jupiter

45. Jupiter Red spot and moon's shadow

48. Jupiter’s four large moon’s now called Io, Europa, Ganymede, Calisto. Great Red Spot The Great red spot is a huge storm that has existed for at least 400 years. It is very much like a hurricane on Earth. The storm rotates counter clockwise and makes a full rotation about every six days.

50. Io

51. A volcanic plume rises over 300 kilometers above the horizon of Jupiter's moon Io

53. This five-frame sequence of New Horizons images captures the giant plume from Io's Tvashta volcano

54. The gibbous phase of Jupiter's moon Europa

55. Icy surface of Jupiter's moon, Europa

56. An image of the leading hemisphere of Ganymede seen by NASA's Galileo spacecraft.

57. The area of Nicholson Regio and Arbela Sulcus illustrates many of the diverse terrain types on Jupiter's moon Ganymede

58. Jupiter Physical & Orbital Data Jupiter Diameter : 142,800 km Distance from the sun : (778.6 million) 77 crore 86 lakhs km Orbital period : 4332.71 Earth days – 12 years Rotation : 9 hrs 50 min 30 sec Tilt of Axis : 3.1° C Satellite : 63 nos

59. Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in our solar system. (Jupiter is larger than Saturn.) This planet is made up of very light gases. It is difficult to study the surface of Saturn because it has such a thick atmosphere of swirling clouds caused by strong winds. Saturn is surrounded by hundreds of rings, made up of pieces of ice , rocks and dust. It is all the rings that make Saturn look so beautiful. Some scientists believe that the rings are made up of materials left over from when Saturn became a planet. Others think the rings are pieces of one of Saturn's moons that was torn apart. Titan is the name of the largest moon.

65. Saturn Physical & Orbital Data Saturn diameter : 1,20,000 km Distance from Sun : 143 billion km ( 143 crore km) Orbital Period : 29.5 years Rotation : 10 hrs 67 min Tilt of Axis : 27° Satellite : 60 nos

66. Uranus

68. Uranus Uranus, the seventh planet from the sun, has its spin axis almost in the plane of its orbit about the sun. This odd alignment is through to be the result of a collision with some other body, possible a planet-size object, early in its history. Its bright blue-green color from methane gas in its atmosphere .

69. Uranus Pysical & Orbital Data Uranus Diameter : 51,488 km Distance from the sun : 2.871 billion km (143 crore km) Orbital Period : 84 years Rotation : 17.24 hrs (retrgrade) Tilt of Axis : 98˚ C Satellite : 27 known moons, faint rings

70. Neptune Like Uranus, Neptune gets its bright blue coloring from methane gas in its atmosphere. Hurricane-like storms, similar to Jupiter’s great Red spot, regularly move across Neptune’s turbulent surface.

71. Neptune

73. Neptune Physical & Orbital Data Neptune Diameter : 49,493 km Distance from the sun : 4.494 billion km (449 crore km) Orbital Period : 165 years Rotation : 17.24 hrs Tilt of Axis : 29.36˚ Satellite : 13 known moons, faint rings

74. Pluto Pluto orbits beyond the orbit of Neptune (usually). It is much smaller than any of the official planets and now classified as a "dwarf planet". Pluto is smaller than seven of the solar system's moons (the Moon, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Titan and Triton).

75. Pluto

76. Pluto Physical & Orbital Data Pluto Diameter : 2,390 km Distance from the sun : 5.869 billion km (5.87 crore km) Orbital Period : 248 years Tilt of Axis : 123˚ (or) 17.1˚ Satellite : three

77. Comets Comet are cold clumps of rock and dusty ice that travel from far reaches of the Solar system to point very close to the sun. Most comes from beyond the orbit of Neptune in an area called The kuiper belt. When a comet nears the sun, its ice vaporizes a mixture of sand and dust is pushed away from the comet by solar winds, forming a long tail, called a coma.

79. Comet

81. Asteroids Most Asteroids-rock remains from the formation of the Solar system-orbit the sun in the asteroids belt between Mars and Jupiter. Here you’ll find million of asteroids ranging in size from a few hundred feat to a few hundred miles in diameter.

82. Asteroid

83. Courtesy NASA JPL HST Images ESA

84. Thank You