This document provides information about the globe and its features, including: - The earliest known globe was constructed by Greek geographer Crates of Mallus. - Cartographers use lines of latitude and longitude to locate points on Earth, with the equator and prime meridian serving as reference points. - Latitude circles the globe parallel to the equator, while longitude runs perpendicular in semicircles. - Time zones, of which there are 24, divide Earth according to longitude into standardized times. - The seven continents are listed in order of size from Asia to Antarctica. Four main oceans are also named.

1. THE GLOBE AND IT’S
FEATURES

2. Evolution of the Globe
 Based on recorded
history, the most
probable earliest
globe was
constructed by the
Greek geographer
Crates of Mallus.

3. LINES ON THE GLOBE:
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

4. • Cartographers use an imaginary grid of parallel
lines and vertical lines to locate points on Earth.
• The Equator circles Earth halfway between the
north and south poles separating Earth into two
equal halves called the Northern Hemisphere
and the Southern Hemisphere.
Latitude and Longitude

5. Latitude
 Lines of latitude are lines running parallel to
the equator.
• Latitude is the distance in
degrees north or south of
the equator.

6. Latitude
 Latitude is thus measured from 0° at the
equator
to 90° at the poles.
• Locations north of the
equator are referred to
by degrees north
latitude (N).
• Locations south of the
equator are referred to
by degrees south
latitude (S).

7. Latitude
– Each degree of latitude is equivalent to about
111 km (°) on Earth’s surface. 1° = 70 miles
– To locate positions on Earth more precisely,
cartographers break down degrees of latitude into
60 smaller units, called minutes (´). 1' = 1.2 miles
– A minute of latitude can be further divided into
seconds (´´). 1" = .02 miles
– Longitude is also divided into degrees, minutes,
and seconds.

8. – Another special lines of
Latitude are found at 66
½ North and 66 ½
South of the Equator.
 In the Northern
Hemisphere, Latitude
66 ½ is called the
Arctic Circles.

9. – In the Southern
Hemisphere, latitude 66
½ is known as the
Antarctic Circles
 Between the two tropics
and these lines of
Latitude are the Middle
Latitudes
 Beyond Latitude 66 ½
North and South of the
Equator are the High
Latitudes.
 The Parallels are
specially noted to show
separation between
areas that get different
amounts of sunlight.

10. Longitude
 To locate positions in east and west directions,
cartographers use lines of longitude, also known
as Meridians.
• Longitude is the distance in
degrees east or west of the
Prime Meridian.
• The Prime Meridian,
representing 0° longitude,
is the reference point for
longitude.

11. Longitude
 Points west of the prime meridian are numbered
from 0° to 180° west longitude (W).
• Points east of the prime
meridian are numbered from
0° to 180° east longitude
(E).

12. Longitude
Semicircles
– Lines of longitude are not parallel; they are large
semicircles that extend vertically from pole to pole.
– The distances covered by
degrees of longitude vary
with location.
– One degree of longitude
varies from about 111 km
at the equator to essentially
the distance covered by a
point at the poles.
Degrees of Longitude

13. Longitude
Locating Places with Coordinates
– Both latitude and longitude
are needed to precisely
locate positions on Earth.
– For example, the location
of New Orleans is
29°57´N, 90°04´W.
– Note that latitude comes
first in reference to the
coordinates of a
particular location.

14. TIME ZONES

15. Time Zones
Calendar Dates
– Every time zone experiences this transition from one
day to the next, with the calendar advancing to the next
day at midnight.
– Each time you travel through a time zone, you gain or
lose time, eventually gaining or losing an entire day.
– The International Date Line, or 180° meridian,
serves as the transition line for calendar days.
– Traveling west across the International Date Line, you
would advance your calendar one day.
– Traveling east, you would move your calendar back
one day.

16. Time Zones
 Because Earth takes about 24 hours to rotate once
on its axis, it is divided into 24 times zones, each
representing a different hour.

17. Time Zones
 Each time zone is 15° wide, corresponding
roughly to lines of longitude.
• Time zone boundaries have been adjusted in
local areas for convenience.

18. Time Zones
 There are six
different time
zones in the
United States.

20. CONTINENTS AND OCEANS

21. A Continent is a division of land on the
earth. It can also include pieces of land
such as islands. The Earth's total land
mass is about 29.2% of its total surface.
The seven continents are in the order
of their size:

22. • Continent – Largest land masses on the planet.
 BIGGER than countries, states, counties, cities,
and your back yard
• Ocean – Largest body of water on the planet
 BIGGER than seas, lakes, ponds, and mud
puddles
CONTINENTS AND
OCEANS

23. 7 Continents:
1. Asia
2. North America
3. South America
4. Australia
5. Europe
6. Africa
7. Antarctica

25. The LARGEST continent:
Asia - Home to 60% of the
world’s population

27. The smallest continent is:
Australia – home to seven of the ten
deadliest snakes.

29. North America – North America is the
third-largest continent in area, following
Asia and Africa, and the fourth in
population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.

30. The continent with the most
countries is:
Africa with 53 countries – home to man-eating
lions, flesh-eating viruses, and poop-eating bugs.

32. The continent that is a giant desert is:
Antarctica – Population zero…and some
penguins.

33. Where in the world?

35. The continent with the highest
population density is:
Europe – home to the plague, the Spanish
Inquisition, and two World Wars. But the worst
thing: Speedos.

37. The continent with the largest rainforest and river
system is:
South America – home to hundreds of unknown
and isolated tribes.

39. 4 Oceans:
1. Atlantic
2. Pacific
3. Arctic
4. Indian

41.  71% of the
Earth’s surface
is covered by
ocean water.
 The oceans
contain 97% of
the earth’s
water.
 All the oceans
and seas are
actually one
continuous
body of water.

42. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's
oceanic divisions.
The Atlantic which takes in one-quarter of
the area of the sea.
ATLANTIC

43. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the
world's oceanic divisions, with about one-eight of the
total area of the sea.
INDIA

44. Thank You!!
 CREDITS TO:
Ronel Ragmat
BSE-SOC
WEEK #3 TOPICS
 SUBMITTED TO:
Professor Adante