1. French Sociologies of the Quotidian
From Dialectical Marxism to the Anthropology of
Everyday Practice
Derek Schilling
Hande Işık
METU
ID 501 Literature Review
March 20th, 2012

2. Scope

3. Keywords
Everyday-everydayness, alienation, directed consumption,
reverse anthropology, rationalism, mystified consciousness,
strategies-tactics

4. Introduction
• Critique of Everyday Life* by Henri Lefebvre
• Everyday and everydayness
• Everyday life should be dialectically considered w.r.t. superstructure and
ideologies
– False consciousness under modernity
• In spite of standardization, unalienable human residue persists.
*Critique de la vie quotidian

5. Introduction
• Critique of Everyday Life became a reference to the quotidian studies in
France.
– Cause Commune  Reverse anthropology
– Michel de Certau  Theory of everyday practices
– Michel Maffesoli  Polyphonic analysis of sociality

6. Marxist Humanism and Dialectics
• Threefold aim of the Critique:
1. To establish, the primacy of dialectical reason for understanding “impure” everyday
life as part of the totality.
3. To combat the subjugation of the proleteriat by “demystifying” it and rekindling the
class solidarity needed to effect change.
5. To observe and analyse human reality that are ignored by the disciplines the better to
prepare the transformations of everyday life through praxis.

7. Mystification and Total Man
• Mystified consciousness:
– The contradiction btwn belief and fact, perception and reality
• Reduction of needs to the sole for money
– True class consciousness stymied between being and having
» Biological, social, psychological needs

8. Mystification and Total Man
• Fundamental health through daily creative activity
Manual labor avoid
private
consciousness.
Workers’ unions
and organizations
allow for
improvements.

9. The Inventory of Culture
• How it is precisely that we live?

10. Levels, Tactics, Spontaneity
• Everyday colonized everydayness for consumer society.
– New sources of alienation appeared
• Which product to buy?
• “Everyday” in relation to tactics and strategies
– Social groups coalesce around shared projects: a goal to be attained a
common adversary to be defeated in extreme tension, intense social
activity.
– By contrast when existence stagnates the everyday becomes one
sided and lapses into triviality.

11. Cause Commune
• Aims to open the way for an anthropology of modern man and an
investigation of everyday life at all levels.
• Appeals reflexive anthropology and proximate ethnography.
• Makes the reverse cultural analysis through infra-quotidian/infra-ordinary;
like background noise, which goes all but unnoticed because it is
unremarkable
– Aligned with creative imaginary lay below interactions and habits
• Consumer desires despite the difficulty in meeting the ends.

12. De Certau’s Theory of Everyday
Practices
• Unseen inventiveness of everyday life.
• Affected from Foucault’s power relation analysis
– In contrast to strategies of institutions, practices of weaks (popular
class) are tactical. Tactics try to subvert power relations.

13. Michel Maffesoli’s Rituals of
Passive Resistance
• Sociality resists the attempts of transitory powers to subordinate it.
• Hedonism  the enjoyment of masses is a sign of robust social health
– Masses live tragic sentiment of present
– They know how to seize the moment in its concrete sensuality.
• As a theatrical space within which the masses cynically assert a healthy
distance from ideologies
– Active passivity

14. Comparison

15. Thanks for listening…