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1. INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY
NATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT TEST
I- Identify the philosopher behind the following statements, ideas, opinion or insights. Choose your answer.
1. He thought of courage as virtue is also knowledge. ( Aristotle Plato Socrates )
2. The eternal law is God himself. ( St. John, St. Augustine St. Thomas Aquinas )
3. “God is honored by silence- not because we cannot say or understand anything about him, but because we
know that we are incapable of comprehending him” ( St. John, St. Augustine St. Thomas Aquinas )
4. He employed the term the “boundless” to convey the further thought that nature is indeterminate -boundless
in the sense that no boundaries between the warm and cold or the moist and dry regions are originally present
within it. ( Thales Anaximander Pythagoras )
5. He described the universe as living embodiment of nature’s order, harmony, and beauty.
( Pythagoras Aristotle Socrates )
6. The power of volition ( Pythagoras Aristotle Socrates )
7. Love is freedom and spiritual freedom ( St. John, St. Augustine St. Thomas Aquinas )
8. Individual Freedom ( St. Thomas Aquinas Jean Paul Sartre Aristotle )
9. Theory of Social Contract ( Aristotle Jean Paul Sartre Thomas Hobbes )
10. “Know thyself”. ( Socrates Plato Aristotle )
11. “The Republic” ( Aristotle Socrates Plato )
12.“Theory on Immortality’ ( Aristotle Socrates Plato )
13. Aesthetic Existentialism” ( Aristotle Jean Paul Sartre Thomas Hobbes )
14. Sketch of the genesis of the world (cosmogony), the evolution of the world begins with the genaration of
the opposites. ( Anaximander Thales Aquinas )
15. B “Beauty is the symbol of morality.” ( Jean Paul Sartre Thales Immanuel Kant )
II. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
16. It is defined as the science that by natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest principle of all
things.
a. Physics b. Politics c. Sociology d. Philosophy
17. It is an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real.
a. Ethics b. Metaphysics c. Epistemology d. Logic
18. It is generally a study of the nature of moral judgments.
a. Aesthetics b. Logic c. Epistemology d. Ethics
19. It deals with nature, sources, limitations, validity of knowledge.
b. Aesthetics b. Logic c. Epistemology d. Ethics
20. It means a treatise on matters pertaining to the human thought.
b. Ethics b. Metaphysics c. Epistemology d. Logic
21. It is the science of beautiful in its various manifestations including sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly.
a. Aesthetics b. Logic c. Epistemology d. Ethics
22. It is the scientific study of essential structures of consciousness.
a. Psychology b. Phenomenology c. Sociology d. Biology

2. 23. It is a defect in an argument other than its having false premises.
a. Norms b. Fallacies c. Ideas d. Culture
24. At the heart of this religion lies the idea of human beings’ quest for absolute truth, so that one’s soul and the
Brahman or Atman might become one.
a. Jainism b. Buddhism c. Hinduism d. Christianity
25. It means the state in which one is absolutely free from all forms of bondage and attachment. It means to
overcome and remove the cause of suffering.
a. Nirvana b. Eight Fold Path c. Karma d. Reincarnation
26. It is the decree of God that governs all creation.
a. Law b. Natural Law c. Eternal Law d. Order
27. It is the human participation in the eternal law and is discovered by reason.
a. Eternal Law b. Commandments c. order d. Natural Law
OPTIONS for numbers 28--31
a. Principle of sufficient reason c. Principle of identity
b. Principle of non-contradiction d. Principle of Excluded Middle
28. Whatever is is; and whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not being is
not being.
29. It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and the same respect.
30. A thing is either is or not ; everything must be either be or not be; between being and not being, there is no
middle ground possible.
31. Nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence.
32. The most famous student of Socrates is a good example of metaphysician who draws the sharpest possible
contrast between reality and appearance.
a. Plato b. Aristotle c. Thales d. Socrates
33. He was the first philosopher to devise a logical method.
b. Plato b. Aristotle c. Thales d. Socrates
34. It is based from observations in order to make generalizations.
a. Deductive reasoning b. logic c. Inductive reasoning d. Intelligence
35. It draws conclusion from usually one broad judgment or definition and one more specific assertion, often an
inference.
a. Deductive reasoning b. logic c. Inductive reasoning d. Arguments
36. According to him “Everything is water”. He claims that every thing we experience is water-which we call
“reality”.
a. Plato b. Socrates c. Aristotle d. Thales
37. According to him, “To be happy, a person has to live a virtuous life”.
a. Thales B. Socrates c. Plato d. Aristotle
38. According to him, “True knowledge means wisdom, which in turn, means virtue.
A. Socrates b. Aristotle c. Thales d. Plato
39. The first existensialist.
a. Edmund Hussserl b. Nietzsche c. Soren Kierkegaard
40. It is the careful, reflective, rational, and systematic approach to questions of very general interest.
A. Oral Arguments b. Inductive Reasoning c. Deductive Reasoning d. Critical Thinking
41. The founder of Buddhism.
A. Martin Luther B. Jesus Christ c. Siddharta Gautama d. Confucius
42. The religion who believes in reincarnation and Karma.

3. A. Buddhism b. Christianity c. Buddhism d. Islam
43. He employed the term “boundless” to convey the further thought that nature is indeterminate-boundless in
the sense that no boundaries between the warm and cold or the moist and dry regions are originally present
within it.
a. Anaximander b. Pyhtagoras c. Immannuel Kant d. Herbert Marcuse
44. He described the universe as living embodiment of nature’s order, harmony, and beauty. He also sees our
relationship with the universe involving biophilia (love of other living things) and cosmophilia (love of other living
beings)
a. Anaximander b. Pyhtagoras c. Immannuel Kant d. Herbert Marcuse
45. He expresses that beauty is ultimately a symbol of morality.
a. Anaximander b. Pyhtagoras c. Immannuel Kant d. Herbert Marcuse
46. For him, humanity had dominated the nature.
a. Anaximander b. Pyhtagoras c. Immannuel Kant d. Herbert Marcuse
47. He was one of the most influential philosophers of the French Enlightenment in the 18th
century. He wrote the
book entitled “The Social Contract”.
a. Jean Jacques Rousseau b. Anaximander c. Pythagoras d. Immanuel Kant
48. It is the view that knowledge can be attained only through sense experience.
a. Empiricism b. Existentialism c. Power d. Belief
49. It is to think or express oneself in a philosophical manner.
a. Reasoning b. philosophizing c. Talking d. Teaching
50. This religion believes in the “Four Noble Truths” and ‘Eightfold Paths”.
a. Hinduism b. Christianity. c. Buddhism d. Jainism