By Andrew Armstrong, Community Development Programs Manager, Water Missions International. Prepared for the Monitoring sustainable WASH service delivery symposium, 9-11 April 2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Remote Monitoring of Rural Water Supplies Using Grundfos LIFELINK
1. Remote Monitoring of Rural Water Supplies
Using Grundfos LIFELINK
Andrew Armstrong
Community Development Programs Manager
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
2. Nine country programmes
150 full-time indigenous staff
Charleston, SC, USA
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
3. Objectives
Use LIFELINK automated technology to:
• Track community-level finances Accountability
• Analyze household-level water use data Learning
‒ Household penetration
‒ Consumption
Provide lasting services
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
4. Context
• TradeWaterTM programme
– Privatized water service delivery
– Nonprofit business model
– Staff/responsibilities at community and
country programme office levels
– Nine current pilot projects (45 planned)
• LIFELINK money handling and cash flow
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
5. LIFELINK Water Unit
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
6. LIFELINK Water Unit
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
7. Data Transmission
Grundfos’ Revenue Water Missions
Management System International’s Reporting
(GRM) Database
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
8. Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
9. Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
10. LEGEND
Case Study: Pump House
LIFELINK Unit
TradeWater Kikondo Pump/Treat House
Reservoir Tank
Treatment House
Underground Vault
Business Centre
Lake Intake
Supply Piping
Distribution Piping
Power/Control Cables
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
11. LEGEND
Case Study: Pump House
LIFELINK Unit
TradeWater Kikondo Pump/Treat House
Reservoir Tank
Treatment House
Underground Vault
Business Centre
Lake Intake
Supply Piping
Distribution Piping
Power/Control Cables
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
12. Financial Analysis
• Total Income = Revenue from water sales, mobile phone charging and bathing shelter
• Operating Expenses (OpEx) = staff commissions and salaries, administrative, chemical
and transportation costs
• Total Expenses (OpEx and CapManEx) = operating expenses, major maintenance, repair
and equipment depreciation
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
13. Financial Analysis
• Total Income = Revenue from water sales, mobile phone charging and bathing shelter
• Operating Expenses (OpEx) = staff commissions and salaries, administrative, chemical
and transportation costs
• Total Expenses (OpEx and CapManEx) = operating expenses plus major maintenance,
repair and equipment depreciation
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
14. Individual Water Use Data
Individual Users Institutional Users/Vendors
(≤100L avg. daily volume collected) (>100L avg. daily volume collected)
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
15. Individual Water Use Data
Individual Users Institutional Users/Vendors
(≤100L avg. daily volume collected) (>100L avg. daily volume collected)
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
16. Individual Water Use Data
Individual Users Institutional Users/Vendors
(≤100L avg. daily volume collected) (>100L avg. daily volume collected)
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
17. Individual Water Use Data
• Revenue is a function
of household
penetration,
consumption, and
water price
• Creative pricing
structures and
targeted marketing
campaigns could lead
to increased
penetration and
consumption
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
18. Water Price Considerations
• Consumption expenditure
– 3% threshold suggested by UNDP2
– 1.2% avg. in Kikondo
• Supply vs. Demand
2United Nations Development Programme [UNDP], 2006. Human Development Report; Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water
crisis. New York, NY, USA.
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
20. Conclusions
• In addition to financial accountability, LIFELINK automated
technology enables:
– Simplified and streamlined ongoing analysis of household-
level water use data (household penetration and consumption)
– Identification of “critical need” areas and targeting of
infrastructure/staff time
– Temporal and spatial evaluation of revenue-increasing
strategies
• LIFELINK is a viable off-the-shelf option for
automatically tracking community-level finances and
capturing water use data
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
21. Thank you for your time.
Questions?
Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
22. Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium, Addis Ababa
Wednesday 10 April 2013
aarmstrong@watermissions.org
Hinweis der Redaktion
Left: Kimmi Island landing siteRight: Matanda site
Christian engineering organizationHeadquarters in Charleston, SC, USAOffices in nine countries (150 full time indigenous engineers, community dev practitioners, technicians, etc.)Supporting community-level safe water schemes and sanitation projects in latin america, eastern africa and southeast asiaSince incorporation, supported ~800 community water supply projects (initiate ~150 new projects/year)
(1 min)Objective: illustrate how we are using an automated technology developed and manufactured by Grundfos in our programsGrundfos developed technology to track finances of community-managed point source water supplies > this is helping us to bring about a level of accountability in our projectsHowever, I also want to show that LL is a powerful tool for collecting household-level water use data (specifically penetration and consumption) > we are utilizing this data to facilitate learning and adaptationUltimate end of providing better and lasting services
Things that I don’t have time to cover during presentation but that are important to understand the scope of how we are using LIFELINK technology in the fieldPiloting LL within pilot of a new management modelWMI country program office operates as water service provider in communities under a sustainable nonprofit business model (direct to paper for more information, questions after session)
Automated water distribution pointIntegrated with a secure payment facility and real-time GSM monitoring system
Water users purchase a water key for ~$?ea (samples passing around) and transfer credit onto it from our local employee’s “credit key”When users insert key into LL unit, dispense water and credit is deducted from the keyLL automatically logs each financial and water distribution transaction
Data logged for each transaction: amount of credit transferred ending balance volume of water transferred date/time stampTransmitted to Grundfos’ proprietary online database (GRM)WMI internal database communicates on daily basis to retrieve and analyze this data
(5 min)Screenshots of our database and some of the plots that are updated dailyFinancial analysis – daily totals of water user keys sold value and number of times credit added to keysDispensation analysis – daily totals of value of water dispensed volume of water dispensed number of tapping sessions/independent customers
Most interestingly, individual water key analysis – running total of value, volume of water purchased, # tapping sessions daily averages
First and longest-running TradeWater pilot project Transient fishing settlement (~380 HH, 2000 people) Lake water source Solar pump, filtration, chlorination Storage tank with gravity-fed distribution to a LL unit located in the middle of the village in TradeWater business center Sell safe water, offer public bathing facilities and solar mobile phone charging in order to generate additional revenue for project Research project – capital cost ~$95k
First and longest-running TradeWater pilot project Transient fishing settlement (~380 HH, 2000 people) Lake water source Solar pump, filtration, chlorination Storage tank with gravity-fed distribution to a LL unit located in the middle of the village in TradeWater business center Sell safe water, offer public bathing facilities and solar mobile phone charging in order to generate additional revenue for project Research project – capital cost ~$95k
Income from water sales (remained fairly constant over study period – point to distribution plot)Total income accounts for additional revenue sources (~$1.30/person/year)
OpEx = staff commissions and salaries, administrative, chemical and transportation costs (fluctuated over time, ~$1.25/person/year)CapManEx = major maintenance, repair and depreciation (high for this pilot project because of abnormally high capital costs, very much a research project)OpEx plus CapManEx ~$3.15/person/yearProject operating under financial deficit > LIFELINK data helps us to better understand how we can increase revenue
In order to increase revenue, we look at individual water use data to see what conclusions we can drawConsidered each water key to be a userOriginally assumed 1 water key = 1 householdNoticed many keys collecting >100L/day > split users into two groups (ind users, sharers/institutions/vendors)
As # individual users decreased, # of sharers/resellers increasedThere are a number of reasons why we are seeing this trend. combining credit onto a single key for a cluster of households seen as a convenience purchasing vended water seen as a convenience (will talk about later)
However, encouraging to see that avg. # daily tapping sessions & volume increased over time “low consuming” users not being retained, remaining users increasingly satisfied with serviceIncrease resulted in constant water distribution (and income)
(10 min)The best way to visualize these trends is by looking at household penetration and consumption.Decrease in % of houses using water from the system, but increase in volume collected by each individual user.These estimates for penetration account for individual water users as well as the estimated number of homes using water collected with shared/vended water keys.Why do we care about this? Revenue is a function of penetration, consumption and water priceRoom to increase market share (~20% as of November 2012). If consumption maintained but market share returned to highest level seen to date (40% in March), we could increase revenue by 100% and achieve full cost recovery. Indicates that we need to look at implementing promotional activities (creative pricing structures) and marketing campaigns (promotional messaging targeted to increase demand) in order to try and increase in penetration and consumptionAlthough these analyses were done specifically for this study, we can easily program our database to generate these types of figures automatically using LL data. Such analyses are likely to play a major role in the business model that we are developing with pilot data.
We designed this system with capacity to serve entire community – no limits to number of houses collecting waterHowever, there is a boundary that we need to consider as we attempt to increase consumption and look at potentially increasing water priceLow consumption expenditure indicates: Financial access is not limited Room to increase consumption and/or water price- water price in Kikondo is 2-10x less than market price – 50UGX/20L ($0.02)Increasing consumption increases consumption expenditure
(12 min)Assigned each residence in Kikondo to a zone representing radial distance from LL unit in increments of 50mVisited residences of individuals who were actively using water keys and took GPS coordinates.Visualize the impact that distance travelled to water point has on average daily volume collected per user (each green dot represents water user in Kikondo)Can also visualize how distance affects household penetration in each radial distance zone<50m showed high penetrationSame trend in consumption (anomoly at 200-250 radial distance zone)Distance travelled to the water point impacts household penetration and consumption.In order to address this, we would look to add additional water points or engage with vendors to resell safe water in zones where penetration is low. Have since engaged with local vendors who are reselling TradeWater water in outskirts of villageLL units at additional water points currently cost ~$14k ea – Grundfos is working to decrease cost to ~$4/5k. For us, this sort of analysis across many projects helps us to better design distribution networks in our community-managed (non-TradeWater) projects