October 2011 You will hear about LLNL's work in building medical sensing capabilities to enable better trauma and critical care in austere environments.

1. Build medical sensing capabilities to enable better
trauma and critical care in austere (battlefield, disaster,
rural) and definitive care environments
LLNL-PRES-507331
This work was performed under the auspices of the
U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-
07NA27344.
Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC

2.  Electromagnetic sensor
 Sends out pulses and looks for reflected
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Radar
echo signals
 Used for motion detection, localization,
and imaging

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diagnose tracking
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
out of hospital care
situational
awareness
search and rescue
imaging
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4. Various motion detection measurements made through rubble
at Disaster City, Texas
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Breathing signal
Subject lying within concrete rubble pile;
Fourier transform indicates strong breathing
signal through concrete slabs.

5. 2001 WTC-NYC 2005 Katrina
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6. •Case study of healthy volunteer
•Live/dead detection for combat
casualty care
•High potential to benefit general
public health monitoring
•Subject in standing position
•Respiratory and cardiac
rhythm is readily observable
•Impulse rhythm tracks well
with EKG and pulse oximeter
John Chang in collaboration with Walter Reed Army Institute of
Research, Dr. FJ Pearce
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

7. Small and compact
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L parietal R parietal
R L
Hematoma
CT Axial
MRI Coronal
Normal
•In-field trauma diagnosis for combat
casualty care
•High potential for civilian application for
emergency and critical cares
Current Collaborations with UC Davis Medical Center and
Neurosapient, Inc.
•Chronic subdural
hematoma
•Bilateral asymmetry
•Sensitivity to
positioning
•Signal attenuation
•Peak shift to the
right
Signal amplitude
(V)
Skull Intracranial

8. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Vocal fold
“machinery”
Rear section of
tracheal wall
Cheek and
Sinus wall
motions

9. Early device Concept
Currently CRADA
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Detroit Sinai-Grace Hospital:
Dr. Robert Dunne, MD, Clinical PI
Detroit Receiving Hospital:
Dr. Phillip Levy, MD, Clinical PI
25 Patients (50 sides): 28 Patients (56 sides):
18 Patients without a pneumothorax 21 Patients without a pneumothorax
7 Patients with a pneumothorax 7 Patients with a pneumothorax
92% (23 of 25 patients) correlation
with radiographic results
89.3% (25 of 28 patients) correlation with
radiographic results
2 Patients with false positives 2 Patients with false positive
0 false negatives 1 Patient with false negative
•Out of hospital diagnosis for traumatic chest injuries
LLNL in collaboration with Electrosonics Medical, Inc, Detroit Sinai-Grace
Hospital, and Detroit Receiving Hospital
2007 R&D 100 Award,
2008 Federal Laboratory Consortium Award
Combined Summary
Total Patients (sides) 53 Patients (106 sides)
Total Correct Patients 48%
Total Incorrect Patients 5%
Overall Patient Accuracy 91%
Total Correct Sides 90%
Total Wrong Sides 16%
Overall Sides Accuracy 85%
Chest x ray of a pneumothorax. [Ref. Educational Computing for
Health Technologies teaching web site, Michigan State University]
Note the pleural line visible on the patient’s right side (image left
side).

10. Suitable for use with humans
 Low power
 At least 100 times less than cell phone
(< 0.001 mW/cm2)
 Non-ionizing radiation
 Non-invasive
 No skin contact
Suitable for use in remote locations, difficult terrain
 Portable
 Battery operated
 Cost effective
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MUIR Technology Specifications
Frequency: GHz range
Pulse repetition rate: 2x106 pulses/sec
Pulse duration: 2x10-10 sec (200ps)
Duty factor: 0.0004
Peak power: 2.5mW/cm2
Peak energy per pulse: 5x10-7 microJ/cm2

11. • Can perform multiple functions
— Sensing (motion, breathing, heart-rate, bleeding, voice
production, …)
— Localization (position fixing)
— Imaging
• Advantages:
— Small size
— Low power
— High resolution
— Non hazardous
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory