1. A PowerPoint Presentation Prepared by:
Francielle Elaine Binuya
Joyce Lindzel Reyes
Angela Pamela Reyes

2. Nervous System
Nervous system controls and coordinates essential body
functions. This system makes it possible for you to process
information.

3. Nervous System
 But do you know where the Nervous System is?
 Do you know the organs of the Nervous System?
 Do these words sounds familiar to you?

4. Nervous System
 Cnidarians
 Flatworms

5. Nervous System
 Mammals

6. Human Nervous System

7. The Central Nervous System
 The central nervous system(CNS) is made of the brain
and the spinal cord.
 It is protected by 2 sets of bones.
 skull – protects the brain
 vertebral column- protects the spinal cord

8. The Brain
 The brain is located at the anterior end of the spinal
cord.
 The spaces between the brain are called ventricles.

9. The Brain
 The brain is made up of two main parts:
 forebrain
 brainstem

10. The Forebrain
 The forebrain subdivides to form :
 telencephalon
 cerebrum
 diencephalon
 thalamus
 hypothalamus

11. Cerebrum

12. Hypothalamus and Thalamus
thalamus
hypothalamus
•The hypothalamus is the bridge between the nervous messages before
•The function of the thalamus is to sort and interpret theseand endocrine relaying them
to the appropriate neurons in the cerebrum. regulates the pituitary gland.
systems. It produces various hormones and

13. The Brainstem
 The brainstem functions below the level of
consciousness , thus it is called the unconscious brain.
 The brainstem is the region of the brain that connects
the cerebrum with the spinal cord.
 It is consists of :
 midbrain
 medulla oblongata
 pons

14. The Brainstem

15. Cerebellum

16. The Spinal Cord
• • It contains a tiny ,centralcord descends down the middle
From the brain the spinal canal filled with
of the back and is is a long, thin, tubular bundle thenervous
The spinal cord surrounded and protected by of bony
cerebrospinal fluid.
tissue and support cells that extends from the brain.
vertebral column.

17. Peripheral Nervous System

18. Peripheral Nervous System
 Somatic Nervous System - controls skeletal muscle as
well as external sensory organs.
 Autonomic Nervous System - controls involuntary
muscles, such as smooth and cardiac muscle.

19. Cells of the Nervous System
 2 Kinds of Cells
 Neurons
 Glial Cells
 Neurons are specialized cells for the transmission
of messages from an organ or tissue to another.

20. Neurons

21. Glial Cells
 Glial cells, sometimes called neuroglia or simply glia
provide support and protection for neurons.
 They are thus known as the "supporting cells" of the
nervous system.
 Functions of glial cells are:
 to surround neurons and hold them in place
 to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons,
 to insulate one neuron from another, and
 to destroy and remove the carcasses of dead neurons (clean
up).

22. Glial Cells

23. How the Nervous System Works

24. How the Nervous System Works

25. How the Nervous System Works
 Stimulus- any factor that triggers a specific reaction.
 Sensory neuron- is the neuron that receives the stimulus.
 Motor neuron- the neuron that relays the information to
the part of the body for a response.

26. Sense organs carry
messages about the
environment to the
central nervous
system.

27.  The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin are examples of
sense organs
 The sense organs gather information
(light, sound, heat, and pressure) from the
environment

28.  The eye is one of your sense organs.
• The eye is made of the iris and the pupil.
•The eye gathers pictures and sends them to the
brain.
The colored part of the eye is the iris.
The black part of the eye is the
pupil.
Iris
Pupil
The pupil becomes larger and
smaller as it controls the light
coming into the eye.

29.  The ear is the organ of hearing and balance.
 Hearing starts when some of the sound waves go into
the ear.

30. How the Ear Works

31.  The ear works with the brain to control your balance.
 The liquid in your inner ear is responsible for your
balance
 The liquid in your ear moves when we move. The
liquid movement sends information to the brain to
tell it how we are moving.
 Loss of sight can be one of the factors that affect
the sense of balance.

32.  Nose is the organ of
smell.
 The nose has two holes
called nostrils.
 The nostrils and the nasal
passages are separated by
a wall called the septum.
 Closer to the tip of your
nose, the septum is made
of cartilage.

33.  Behind your nose, in the
middle of your face, is a
space called the nasal
cavity.
 It connects with the back
of the throat. The nasal
cavity is separated from
the inside of your mouth
by the palate (roof of your
mouth).

34. How the Nose Works

35.  The tongue is the sense organ
of taste controlled by the
receptors called taste buds.
 The four kinds of taste
sensations are sweet, sour,
bitter, and salty.
 The tongue can also detect a
sensation called umami.
 Umami is a Japanese word
which means the savory taste
of amino acids.

36.  The sense of touch is located in the skin.
The nerves in the skin allow us to feel
texture, pressure, heat, cold, and pain.

37. Thank You For Watching &
Listening
Remember :
 The nervous system is a complex network of nerves
and cells that carry messages to and from
the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body.
 The nervous system includes both the Central nervous
system and Peripheral nervous system.
 The Central nervous system is made up of the brain
and spinal cord .
 The Peripheral nervous system is made up of the
Somatic and the Autonomic nervous systems.