A 2012 report by a Food Fraud Think Tank comprising major food companies and universities recommended an approach to food fraud prevention that involves conducting vulnerability assessments across the supply chain based on supply, socioeconomic, behavioral, geopolitical, and historical factors. The assessments are used to develop a control plan with strategies for supply chain mapping, origin verification, specification management, audits, testing, and anti-counterfeiting technologies. The Global Food Safety Initiative adopted this leading approach in 2014.