This document summarizes a case study of springshed management in Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India. It provides demographic data and cropping patterns for the villages studied. Interventions included geological mapping, spring inventories, rain gauge installation, and formation of water management committees. Recharge structures like trenches and infiltration wells were constructed. Monthly water discharge was monitored and water quality improved after interventions. Impacts included formation of water user groups, increased and equitable access to water, improved source cleanliness, and a shift to more efficient irrigation patterns.

1. Springshed Management-
A hydrogeological Approach: A case study of
Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India
Presented by
Dr. Sunesh Sharma
People’s Science Institute
Dehradun

2. Source: VIS, People’s
Science Institute
Location of Selected AR Site;
Thanakasoga Panchayat

3. Villages
Total
HH
Brahmin
HH
Rajput
HH
SC HH
Total
Population
1) Luhali 23 23 0 211
2) Satter-
bhadon
13 8 3 2 135
3) Dhyali 40 6 30 3 249
4) Dandor 48 19 1 28 278
5) Thanakasoga
93 24 17 52 564
Total
217 57 74 85 1437
Demographic structure of the villages

5. Cropping pattern in Action research site
Ginger
Maize
Colcocasia
Pulses

6. Water Availability versus demand(April,2012)
Note:
• Villagers fulfill the gap of the shortage of water availability by storing water supplied by IPH. IPH water
supply is irregular, water supply is twice in a week in the summer season.
• As per Himachal govt norms: 70 lpcd and 30 lpd per cattle

7. Methodology

8. Interventions
• Geological mapping of the village
• Recharge area demarcation
• Spring inventory
• Installation of rain-gauge
• Water discharge data collection monthly basis
• Water quality sampling and analysis of WQ data
• Formation of Water management committee and Water user
groups
• Sensitization of WMC and WUGs through meeting and exposure
tour
• Nursery establishment
• Estimation and planning for recharge activities
• Recharge structures (earth works ) construction and vegetative
measures (plantation)
• Social fencing for recharge areas

9. Map of Luhali
Village
548 548 1096
Legends
Agr. Land
Irri. Agr.
Land
Private
Pasture Land
Waste Land
Settlement
Bowari
Spring
Bowri
Community
forest Land
Stream

10. Geological Map of Luhali
Quartzite
Phyllite
Fracture
Fault
Legends
Sandstone
Bowri
Spring

11. Phyllite
Quartzite

12. Geological Cross section of Luhali village
Quartzite
Phyllite
Major
Fracture
Sandstone
Fault
Fracture
Legends
Recharge
Area
Bowri
Spring

14. Groundwater sources and their recharge area in Luhali village

15. Vegetative
Measures
Staggered
Trenches
C C T
Reserve
Forest
DIW
Activities Proposed in Recharge Area of Bowri-1 & Bowri-2 in Luhali Village

16. Time –trends chart
PGWM with school children
PRA
Nukkad Natak for awarene

17. Activities under exposure visit

18. Source cleanliness by WUGs

19. WUGs meeting

20. Nursery
Nursery establishment

21. Agreements Copies

23. On-site Water Discharge Measurement and Water
Quality Analysis in PSI Lab

24. Deep Infiltration Well(DIW)

25. Month wise water discharge of different sources in selected villages
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Rainfallinmm
DischargeinLPM
Hydrograph: Thanakasoga
Rainfall
Thana Kasoga B-1
(Mandir)
Thana Seasonal spring-1
Thana Kasoga B-2
Thanaka Seasonal spring-2
Thana Kasoga B-3
Thana Kasoga B-4
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Rainfallinmm
DischargeinPLM
Hydrograph-Dhayli
Rainfall
Dhyali B-5(Sita)
Dhyali B-6 (Kishan)
Dhayli-Maroga
Recharge activities is done in
Thanakasoga-B1
&B2, Seasonal spring -1 and 2
in August 2013
Recharge activities is done in
Dhayli B-5&B-6 in August
2013

26. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Rainfallinmm
DischargeinLPM
Hydrograph:Luhali
Rainfall
Luhali B-1 (Shiv Mandir)
Luhali B-2 (Pradhan)
Luhali B-4 (Lower)
Recharge activities are done
in Luhali B-4
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Rainfallinmm
DischargeinLPM
Hydrograph: Sattarbadon
Rainfall
Sattar Bhadon B-1
Sattar Bhadon B-2 (School)

27. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Thana-1 Thana-2 Dhayli-5 Dhayli-6 Luhali-4
CFU/100ml
Source
Fecal Coliform
Before PGWM pilot implementation
(October-2012)
After Before PGWM pilot
implementation(October-2013)

28. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Thana-1 Thana-2 Dhayli-5 Dhayli-6 Luhali-4
μmho/cm
Source
Electric Conductivity
Before PGWM pilot
implementation (October-2012)
After PGWM pilot
implementation(October-2013)

29. 0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Thana-1 Thana-2 Dhayli-5 Dhayli-6 Luhali-4
mg/lt
Source
Iron
Before PGWM pilot implementation
(October-2012)
After PGWM pilot
implementation(October-2013)

30. Change in irrigation pattern
Before PGWM After PGWM

31. Impacts
• WUGs and WMCs formation
• Water quality and sanitation
• Artificial water recharge capacity
• Equitable benefit sharing mechanism
• Water usage pattern
• Coordination between villages
• Source cleanliness
• Social protection(protocols)
• Change in irrigation pattern
• Awareness at panchayat level
• Convergence of PGWM with IWMP and MGNREGA
• Groundwater development vs management in mountain areas

32. Thanks