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2. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Angle believed that since biologic entities as
well as inanimate elements can be arranged into
well-defined classes, the same held also of the
occlusion of the teeth and the shape of the face.
Angle based his classification of malocclusion on
the normal mesiodistal relations of the mesiobuccal
cusps of the upper first molars in relation to the
mandibular first molars.
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3. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Basis for Angle’s classification
Most indicative irregularity of teeth found in antero-posterior
relationship of the teeth and the jaws.
There is a normal mesio distal or antero-posterior position for
the body of the mandible with its superimposed mandibular
dental arch to occupy in the anatomy of the skull.
The maxillary dental arch being built upon a base that is a
fixed section of the skull anatomy, is more or less stable in its
relationship to various landmarks on the head and consequently
the first molar teeth in this arch may be quite safely selected as
a key tooth from which to judge the relationship of mandibular
dental arch and intern to the body of mandible upon which it is
located
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4. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Basis for Angle’s classification
If there is shifting of maxillary molars in their
relationship to the skull anatomy, this variation can be
detected by changes in the axial inclination of teeth in
the maxillary arch. The axial change is especially
manifested by canine teeth.
Curvature and line of occlusion is unique to each
individual.
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5. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Angle used the Roman numerals I, II and III to
designate the three main classes of mesiodistal arch
relationship viz., Class I or normal, Class II or distal and
Class III or mesial relationship of the cusps of the
mandibular first molars to the maxillary first molars.
He employed the Arabic numerals 1 and 2 to
denote divisions of the classifications. Unilateral
deviations he termed subdivisions.
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7. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Class I Malocclusion
The mandibular dental arch and the body of the
mandible are in normal relation to the maxillary arch
indicated by the fact that mesiobuccal cusp of the
maxillary first permanent molar occludes in the buccal
groove of the mandibular permanent first molar and
the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar
occludes with the occlusal fossa of the mandibular first
permanent molar when the jaws are in centric
occlusion
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9. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Class II Malocclusion
The mandibular dental arch and the body of the
mandible are in distal relation to the maxillary arch by
half the width of the maxillary first permanent molar
or mesioodistal width of a premolar indicated by the
fact that mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
permanent molar occludes in the space between the
mesiobuccal cusp of the mandibular permanent first
molar and the buccal cusp of the second premolar.
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10. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Class II Malocclusion
The mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar
occludes mesial to the mesiolingual cusp of the
mandibular first permanent molar when the jaws are in
centric occlusion.
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12. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Class II Malocclusion
Division I
A class II malocclusion in which maxilary incisors
are in labioversion
Subdivision
A class II division I malocclusion occuring on
only one side
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13. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Class II Malocclusion
Division II
A class II malocclusion in which maxilary incisors
are not in labioversion rather they are retroclined
with laterals overlapping centrals or canines
overlapping laterals
Subdivision
A class II division I malocclusion occuring on
only one side
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14. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Class III Malocclusion
The mandibular dental arch and the body of the
mandible are in mesial relationship to the maxillary
arch indicated by the fact that mesiobuccal cusp of the
maxillary first permanent molar occludes in the
interdental space between the distal aspect of the distal
cusp of the mandibular first permanent molar and the
mesial aspect of the mesial cusp of the second
permanent molar
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17. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Pseudo-Class III Malocclusion
In this condition the mandible is protruded a little during
the final stages of closure in order to avoid a premature
contact of incisors or canines
This is most likely to arise in cases where the
relationship of the incisors is edge-to-edge, and may be
caused by a mildly prenormal relationship of the dental
bases
Such pseudo – or postural Class III cases may tend, if
left untreated, to become established by a further
development of the whole occlusion in Class III relation.
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18. Differences between true and pseudo class III malocclusion
Features
True Class III
Pseudo Class III
1
Profile
Concave
Straight to concave
2
Etiology
Hereditary
Habitual/developmental
3
Premature
contacts
Absent
Present
4
Path of closure
Forward
Deviated
5
Gonial angle
Increased/decreased
Normal
6
Retrusion of
mandible
further
Not possible
Possible
7
Treatment
Orthopedic or
surgical
8
Left untreated
No further changes
Elimination of prematurities,
replacement of lost posterior
teeth
Becomes established into true
class III
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19. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Drawbacks of Angle’s Classification
The Angle classification was readily accepted
by the dental profession, since it brought order out of
what previously had been confusion regarding dental
relationships. It was recognized almost immediately,
however, that there were deficiencies in the Angle
system.
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20. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Drawbacks of Angle’s Classification
Angle considered malocclusion only in antero-posterior
plane
Angle considered maxillary first permanent molar as a
fixed point but it was not found so
The classification cannot be applied if first permanent
molars are missing or extracted
The classification cannot be applied in the deciduous
dentition
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21. ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATIO
N
Drawbacks of Angle’s Classification
The classification does not differentiates between
skeletal and dental malocclusions
The classification does not highlight the etiology of the
malocclusion
Individual tooth malpositions have not been considered
in the classification
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