Alpha particles are positively charged particles emitted from atomic nuclei. They have high ionizing energy but less penetrating power than beta particles. When an alpha particle is emitted, the parent nucleus loses 2 protons and 4 neutrons. Beta particles are high energy electrons or positrons emitted from atomic nuclei. They have low ionizing energy but high penetrating power. Beta decay changes the atomic number by one but does not change mass number. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation with no mass or charge. They travel at the speed of light and have very high penetrating power but low ionizing power. Gamma emission does not change the mass or charge of the parent nucleus.

1. ALPHA PARTICLE
It is positive charge particle.
It has high ionization energy.
The charge of alpha particle is doubled
from proton.
They have less penetrating power.
They produced flurence.
Alpha particle are reflected by electric and
magnetic field.
By the emission of an alpha particle the
charge no of parent nuclei is decreased by 2
and mass no ia decreased by 4.

2. BETA PARTICLE
It is negative charge particle .
It is –ve charge electron of high energy.
It has low ionization energy.
They have high penetrating power.
It is reflected by electric and magnetic field
It travel about 1/5th of speed of light.
A negative Beta decay results increasing the
atomic no of parent nucleus by 1 but mass no
remain constant .
A positive Beta decay result decreasing the atomic
no by 1 but mass no remain constant

3.  Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation has
no mass and no charge.
 Their speed is equal to the speed of light.
 It have very high penetrating power.
 It have low ionization power.
 Gamma rays are mass less photons their
emission will cause no change in either mass
no or charge no.