1. Hand drum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A hand drum is any type of drum that is typically played with the bare hand rather than a stick,
mallet, hammer, or other type of beater. The simplest type of hand drum is the frame drum, which
consists of a shallow, cylindrical shell with a drumhead attached to one of the open ends.
Contents
1 Types
1.1 Middle Near East
1.2 Africa
1.3 Latin percussion
1.4 Far East and India
1.5 Europe
1.6 New Age
2 External links
Types
The Following descriptions allude to traditional versions of the drums. Modern synthetic versions
are available for most if not all of the drums listed through various manufacturers.
Middle Near East
The tar is a frame drum common in Middle Eastern music.
The tambourine is a frame drum with jingles attached to the shell.
The daf and the dayereh are Iranian frame drums.
The ghaval is the Azerbaijani djembe frame drum.
The tonbak is the Persian goblet drum.
The doumbek is a goblet shaped drum used in Arabic, Jewish, Assyrian, Persian, Balkan, Greek,
Armenian, Azeri and Turkish music.
Mirwas
Africa
2. The most common African drum known to westerners is the djembe, a large, single-headed drum
with a goblet shape.
The Ashiko is another African drum in the shape of a truncated cone. Similar to the Djembe it is rope
strung. This drum is easily recognized as having straight sides (many actually have a slight curve but
appear straight compared to most hand drums). The ashiko contrary to popular belief is
tradditionally mounted with wild game heads such as a gazzel. Most modern Ashikos are made with
goat skin as a matter of convenience or legality. A more tradditional sounding Ashiko can be created
using hand picked goat skins that imitate the game skin or using deer skin (which requires more
frequent tuning and maintenance). Ashiko drums are quite popular but less so than other types of
hand drums and the difficulty in making sound like it should tradditionally probably explains why
they are less common. Most Ashikos found in common use have a non tradditional sound to them
due to different skin types being used.
Bougarabou are African drums with cow skin heads. The base of the drum is shorter than a djembe
and the goblet shape less pronounced. (This is the believed by some to be the African tradditional
predecessor of the Conga.)
Latin percussion
Congas and bongos are essential to all kinds of Latin American music, especially that of the
Caribbean and South American regions, used in both folklore (punta, santeria, rumba, etc.) and
popular music such as merengue, salsa, son, boleros, bachata, cumbia, latin jazz, and others.
The Tambora, a two-sided drum played with both a stick and a hand, is essential to the merengue
dance of Dominican Republic.
The maracas and timbales are widely played in popular music.
Far East and India
Tabla are central to Indian music.
The mridangam takes the main spot in Indian classical (Carnatic) music.
Ghatams and Kanjiras accompany the mridangam in carnatic music.
R?b?na or Raban, Gáta Béra, Yak Béra and Udákkiya are used in Sri Lankan music.
One drum head in Da?la is played by hand, which is again used in Sri Lanka.
Dh?lki is used both in Sri Lanks and India.
Klong Yao is the Thai "long drum" which is shaped like an elongated or stretched goblet and rope
tuned.
Europe
The Irish Bodhrán is sometimes played with the bare hand.
New Age
3. The Hang is a modern tuned steel hand drum used in new age music.
External links
Hand Drumming Workshops, Events
Nay-Nava the encyclopedia of persian music instruments
The Doumbek Page
Structure of Tonbak
Different Names of Goblet drums in Asia, North Africa and East Europe
Tombak Network
Goblet Drumming Forum
Different Dafs
Daf, the Spiritual Frame Drum
Frame Drummer Forum
Goblet drums and tombak through history
Organology of tubular and goblet drums
Drum Museum, Infos about antique drums from Africa, New Guinea and the Himalayas
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