2. CONTENTS
LAYOUT OF 132 KV GSS
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
BATTERY ROOM
BUS BAR
ISOLATORS
CT & CVT
POWER TRANSFORMERS AND ITS MAIN PARTS
LIGHTNING ARRESTORS
BUCHHOLZ RELAY
EARTHING & PLCC
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
3. Sub Station
Substation:- Sub station is a station of an electricity
generation, transmission & distribution system where
voltage is transformed to high to low or the reverse
using transformers.
A substation generally have switching, protection, &
control equipment & one or more transformers.
7. Battery Room
The battery is called the heart of the GSS
because all the feeder panels are work on
110V DC voltage and this DC voltage is
supplied by battery.
The battery is made by series combination
of the cells.
cell voltage is 2V & 55 cells
8. BUSBARS
A bus bar is a conducting bar that carries heavy
currents to supply several electric circuits.
When a no. of generator or feeders operating at the
same voltage level to be directly connected
electrically, bus bar are used as the common
electrical component.
Bus bars are copper rod or thin walled tubes and
operate at constant voltage.
9. Types of Bus Bars:-
Main busbar
Auxiliary busbar
One busbar is main busbar & another is spare
or auxiliary busbar.
10. ISOLATERS
• Isolators are designed to open a circuit under
no load. Its main purpose is to isolate
portion of circuit from the other & is not
intended to be opened while current is
flowing in the line.
11. CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CT is an instrument transformer used for protection
& metering of high values of currents. CT is
used for reducing ac current from higher to
lower value for measurement /protection. Its
rating like 400-200-100/5-5-5.
12. CAPACITOR VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER
CVT’sare used for line voltages, protective,
relays, tariff meters etc. the performance of
CVT is affected by the supply frequency,
switching transients, magnitude of
connected burden etc.
13. POWER TRANSFORMERS
Transformeris an electrical machine which
works on the principle of electromagnetic
induction. It transfers electric power from
one electric circuit to other with the help of
magnetic path(flux) on constant frequency
but equal or different current and voltages.
14.
15. MAIN PARTS OF POWER
TRANSFORMERS:-
a) Core
b) Winding( H.V. winding, L.V. winding,
tertiary winding)
c) Tap changer
d) Tank
e) Conservator
f) Buchholz relay
g) Oil temperature indicator
h) Winding temperature indicator
18. LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
LA’s are used to protect the sub
station. It consist of a spark
gap in series with a
resistor. One end of the
diverter is connected to the
terminal of the equipment to
be protected while other is
effectively grounded.
19. EARTHING
Connecting of an electric equipment to
the earth with the help of connecting
rod or wire of negligible resistance is
known as earthing.
20. POWER LINE CARRIER
COMMUNICATION
For exchange of data and transfer message
between grid substation, voice
communication is necessary. For this
purpose high frequency carrier current is
transmitted on same transmission line on
which power is transmitted. Hence such
communication is called “power line
carrier communication.
21. CIRCUIT BREAKER
A circuit breaker is a equipment which can :-
Break a circuit automatically under fault
conditions.
Make a circuit either manually or by remote
control under faulty or normal conditions.
22. Principle:-
A circuit breaker essentially consists of fixed
& moving contacts, called electrodes under
normal operating conditions, these contacts
remain closed & will not open automatically
until & unless systems become faulty. When
a fault occurs on any part of the system, the
trip coils of the breaker get energised & the
moving contacts are pulled apart by some
mechanism. Thus opening the circuit.
23. Types of Circuit Breaker
1. SF6 Circuit Breaker
2. Vacuum Circuit Breaker
3. Oil Circuit Breaker
4. Air Break Circuit Breaker
5. Air Blast Circuit Breaker
24. SF6 Circuit Breaker
SF6( Sulphur Hexafluoride)
gas have electro negativity
property so its rate of rise
of dielectric strength is
high.
25. SF6 Used at
Pressure :- 3 to 16 atmospheres
Temperature :- above 16ºC
Its Property
High dielectric strength (about 2.35
times of air )
Non-toxic and noninflammable
Electro negativity
Voltage rating :- 3.6-760KV
27. Vacuum Circuit Breaker :-
Vacuum :-
Every medium that has a pressure below
atmospheric (760 mm of Hg) is known
as vacuum. And its measure in torr,
where 1 torr = 1 mm of Hg.
Pressure below 10^-5 torr are consider to
be high vacuum.
