Presentation of multidisciplinary project in Suriname, as part of M.Sc. study Civil Engineering - Water Resources Managment at Delft University of Technology. The project was set up after large floods in the inlands of Suriname in May 2006.
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Suriname - Living with the floods
1. Living with the floods
Initiation of a warning system
in the inlands of Surinam
Project team Surinam
Ir. Glenn Weisz Jr.
Raheena Doekhie
Priscilla Miranda
Ton Knol
Marloes van Ginkel
Marjolein van der Kraan
Ivo Miltenburg
1
2. Sponsor
Duinwaterbedrijf Zuid-Holland
Living with the floods 2
Project team Surinam
3. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Introduction
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Cause
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Flooding inlands of Surinam
Drinking water
May 2006
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Flooded area
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion Flooded villages
Recommendations
Living with the floods 3
Project team Surinam
4. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Introduction
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Cause
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Flooding inlands of Surinam
Drinking water
May 2006
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Eroded riverbanks
Eroded riverbanks
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction Uprooted trees
Uprooted trees
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
• 22,000 victims
Conclusion
Recommendations
• major damage to
buildings/arable land Flooded schools
Flooded schools
Living with the floods 4
Project team Surinam
5. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Introduction
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Project team Surinam
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation
Drinking water
Introduction Team
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources members
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction Ton
Ton Raheena
Raheena Marjolein
Marjolein
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations Glenn
Glenn Priscilla
Priscilla Marloes
Marloes Ivo
Ivo
Living with the floods 5
Project team Surinam
6. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Introduction
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
‘Living with the floods’
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Project goals:
Drinking water
Introduction • Drinking water
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources • Warning system
Drinking water systems
• Evacuation plan
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 6
Project team Surinam
7. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Introduction
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Organization
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation • group 1: evacuation, drinking water, communication
Drinking water
• group 2: warning system, communication
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area Group 1
Group 1 Group 2
Group 2
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 7
Project team Surinam
8. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Introduction
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Organization
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Making contact and setting up cooperation
Drinking water
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources • BIO – cooperating NGO’s in Surinam
Drinking water systems
Warning system • ADEK – University of Paramaribo
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system • Participation of Surinam students
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 8
Project team Surinam
9. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Inlands of Surinam
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Project locations
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Four village-clusters at PARAMARIBO
Boven-Suriname river Paramaribo
Drinking water
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources • Kayana
Drinking water systems
• Djoemoe
Warning system • Botopasi
Introduction Laduani
Awareness • Laduani Botopasi
Data allocation Djoemoe
Simple Warning system Kayana
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 9
Project team Surinam
10. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Inlands of Surinam
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Participation
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Social hierarchy is very important
Drinking water • Granman
Introduction
Mercury issues
• Village board (captain and basja’s)
Drinking water sources • Krutu (village meeting)
Drinking water systems
Warning system Contact with villagers
Introduction
Awareness • Acceptance of the project
Data allocation
Simple Warning system • Sharing knowledge
Communication
• Working together
Evacuation plan • Discussing solutions
Introduction
Progressive scheme • Involving schoolchildren
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 10
Project team Surinam
11. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Drinking water
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Introduction
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation
Drinking water
Introduction Goals:
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems • Analyzing drinking water sources
Warning system • Introducing small-scale, simple and robust drinking water
Introduction
Awareness
systems
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
• Assessment of central drinking water system (Djoemoe)
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 11
Project team Surinam
12. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Drinking water
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Mercury issues
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation
Drinking water
• Maximum mercury concentration of 0.29 ug/l meets WHO
Introduction standard for drinking water of < 1.0 ug/l.
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
• Exceeds the target value for eco systems of 0.03 ug/l.
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 12
Project team Surinam
13. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Drinking water
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Drinking water sources
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation
Drinking water River water Creek water Rain water (storage)
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 13
Project team Surinam
14. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Drinking water
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Drinking water sources
Inlands of Surinam Water quality
Project locations
Participation
• E.Coli
Drinking water
Introduction • Total coli form
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
River water Creek water Rain water (storage)
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 14
Project team Surinam
15. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Drinking water
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Drinking water systems
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation
• Removal of pathogene
Drinking water organisms
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems • Ease in use SODIS system
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion Katadyn Pocket
Recommendations
Clay pot
Katadyn Combi
Living with the floods 15
Project team Surinam
16. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Drinking water
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Drinking water systems
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation
Removal of (most) of pathogene organisms
Drinking water • confirmed with all systems
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion SODIS exposure time of 24 hours on a sink roof:
Recommendations • most effective method
Living with the floods 16
Project team Surinam
17. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Drinking water
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Drinking water systems
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation
Ease in use
Drinking water Feedback villagers:
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations Katadyn Combi
Living with the floods 17
Project team Surinam
18. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Drinking water
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Drinking water systems
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Advise : SODIS system
Drinking water
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
until all inhabitants have access to central drinking
Conclusion water systems or rain water storages………..
Recommendations
Living with the floods 18
Project team Surinam
19. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Introduction
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Challenges:
Drinking water
• Isolated area
Introduction • Lack of warning system
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources • No flood protection possible
Drinking water systems
• Limited data available
Warning system • Expecting more floods in future
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system Goals:
Communication
• Raising awareness
Evacuation plan • Start data allocation
Introduction
Progressive scheme • Initiation of a warning system
safe area
Safe areas
• Communication
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 19
Project team Surinam
20. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Awareness
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Important for future
Drinking water
safety and continuity
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
• Providing information
• Working with villagers
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 20
Project team Surinam
21. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Awareness
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Building a monument at the
Drinking water
floodline on a central location
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 21
Project team Surinam
22. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Data allocation
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Waterlevel gauges - preparation
Drinking water
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 22
Project team Surinam
23. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Data allocation
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Waterlevel gauges - result
Drinking water
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 23
Project team Surinam
24. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Data allocation
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Rain gauges – placed by hydrologist S. Naipal
Drinking water
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 24
Project team Surinam
25. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Simple warning system
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Goal:
Drinking water
• h-h relations between inland villages
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems Waterlevel Kayana
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system
Communication
Forecast
Evacuation plan waterlevel
Introduction Djoemoe
Progressive scheme Working of the
safe area
Safe areas warning system
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 25
Project team Surinam
26. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Simple warning system
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Measuring river and land profile
Drinking water
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system Using a Diver
Using a Diver
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation 30
30
Simple Warning system
Communication Profile Kayana
Profile Kayana 25
25
Evacuation plan 20
20
Introduction 15
Progressive scheme 15
safe area 10
10
Safe areas
5
5
Conclusion 0
Recommendations -800
-800
-600
-600
-400
-400
-200
-200
0
0
0
200
200
Living with the floods 26
Project team Surinam
27. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Simple warning system
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Determining Q-h relations using Strickler’s Formula
Drinking water
Introduction
Q = kAR 2 / 3 s1/ 2
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Estimation of slope (s) and roughness (k)
Warning system
Introduction 3000
Awareness
Data allocation 2500
Simple Warning system
Communication 2000
1500
• No kalibration possible
Q
Evacuation plan
1000
due to lack of historical
Introduction
Progressive scheme
500
data
safe area
Safe areas 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
• Not able to produce
Conclusion h accurate h-h relations
Recommendations Q-h relation Djoemoe
Living with the floods 27
Project team Surinam
28. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Simple warning system
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Final warning system product:
Drinking water
Introduction Profile-sheet
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources • river and land profile linked with the gauge in the village
Drinking water systems
• critical depth
Waarschuwingssysteem Djoemoe
Warning system In de figuur hieronder ziet u het rivierprofiel van Djoemoe bij de peilschalen.
Introduction Goddo op peillat
450
Waterhoogte 400
350
300
Djoemoe -
Medische post
Awareness
250
200
850 150
100
Waterhoogte 800
Data allocation Vliegveld op peillat 750 Kajana -130 -80 -30
50
0
-50
-100
20 70 120 Afstand
700 -150
-200
Simple Warning system 650
600
-250
-300
-350
-400
-100
-450
Communication 550
500
-500
-550
-600
-650
Kritieke waterhoogte
450 -700
-750
400 -800
-850
350 -900
Evacuation plan
-950
300 -1000
-1050
-1100
250
Kritieke waterhoogte -1150
-1200
200 -1250
Introduction 300
150
100
Rivierprofiel Waterhoogte mei 2006 Kritieke waterhoogte
Progressive scheme 50
0
In dit rivierprofiel is met de blauwe lijn de hoogste waterstand tijdens de
overstroming van mei 2006 aangegeven. De waterhoogte in mei 2006 kwam tot de
safe area -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 -50 0
-100
50 100 Afstand 150 stand +75 centimeter op de peilschalen.
Het monument bij de medische post in Djoemoe geeft deze hoogte aan. Deze
-150 waterstand kan bij een volgende overstroming worden overschreden en geeft dus
Safe areas -200
geen veilige hoogte aan.
-250
-300 Met de rode lijn is de kritieke hoogte aangegeven. De kritieke hoogte is de
-350 waterstand waarbij rekening moet worden gehouden met overstromingen. De kritieke
Conclusion
waterhoogte is bij een stand van - 125 centimeter op de peilschalen.
-400
Gevaar dreigt als het hard regent en de waterhoogte snel stijgt. Bij de stand van
-450 - 125 centimeter moet de stijgsnelheid van het water goed in de gaten worden
-500 gehouden, zodat de bewoners van Djoemoe snel gewaarschuwd kunnen worden
Recommendations -1250
-550
-600
wanneer het water van de rivier nog verder stijgt.
Als de waterhoogte de kritieke waterhoogte passeert moet Botopasi gewaarschuwd
worden dat er hoog water op komst is.
Rivierprofiel Waterhoogte mei 2006 Kritieke waterhoogte
Living with the floods 28
Project team Surinam
29. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Warning system
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Communication
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Communication necessary
Drinking water
Introduction Stable situation
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources • uniform messages
Drinking water systems
• radio contact
Warning system villages-Paramaribo
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system Critical / emergency
Communication
situation
Evacuation plan • radio contact
Introduction
Progressive scheme villages-villages
safe area
Safe areas
• emergency communication
in villages (hierarchical
Conclusion
Recommendations
network)
Living with the floods 29
Project team Surinam
30. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Evacuation plan
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Introduction
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Evacuation plan important in case of
Drinking water
future floodings
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources Challenges:
Drinking water systems
• No evacuation plan available
Warning system • Many houses in risk areas close to
Introduction
Awareness the river
Data allocation
Simple Warning system • No notion inhabitants of safe areas
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme Goals:
safe area
Safe areas
• Developing a progressive scheme to
determine safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
• Identification safe areas in Kayana,
Godo and Botopasi
Living with the floods 30
Project team Surinam
31. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Evacuation plan
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Progressive scheme safe area
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation A progressive scheme to determine safe areas:
Drinking water
Introduction
Mercury issues
1.
1. Geography – location of the village
Geography – location of the village
Drinking water sources 2.
2. Identification inhabited areas
Identification inhabited areas
Drinking water systems
3.
3. Measuring water level May 2006
Measuring water level May 2006
Warning system 4. Mapping topography villages
Introduction 4. Mapping topography villages
Awareness 5.
5. Identification safe areas
Identification safe areas
Data allocation
Simple Warning system 6.
6. Mapping walking paths
Mapping walking paths
Communication
7.
7. Conclusion about availability and
Conclusion about availability and
Evacuation plan accessibility safe areas
accessibility safe areas
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 31
Project team Surinam
32. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Evacuation plan
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Safe areas
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Case study: Kayana
Drinking water
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation
2. Inhabited area
2. Inhabited area 3. Flooded area
3. Flooded area
Simple Warning system
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
5. Safe area
5. Safe area 7. Conclusion
7. Conclusion
Living with the floods 32
Project team Surinam
33. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Evacuation plan
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Safe areas
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation Case study: Godo
Drinking water
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
Warning system
Introduction
Awareness
Data allocation 2. Inhabited area 3. Flooded area
Simple Warning system
2. Inhabited area 3. Flooded area
Communication
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations 5. Safe area 7. Conclusion
5. Safe area 7. Conclusion
Living with the floods 33
Project team Surinam
34. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Conclusion
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation • Mercury concentrations sufficiently low in the water
Drinking water
phase
Introduction • SODIS system is advised to use in case of calamities
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
• Awareness through monument and participation
Warning system • Data allocation is started
Introduction
Awareness • Simple warning system usable
Data allocation
Simple Warning system • Communication between villages and between the inlands
Communication
of Surinam and Paramaribo is tested and functioning
Evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme • Safe areas in the villages can be determined
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 34
Project team Surinam
35. Introduction
Cause
Project team Surinam
Recommendations
‘Living with the floods’
Organization
Inlands of Surinam
Project locations
Participation • Education of the concept : ‘safe drinking water’
Drinking water • Introduction of the SODIS to all inhabitants of the villages
Introduction
Mercury issues
Drinking water sources
Drinking water systems
• Complete hydrological warning system
• Continuity: responsibility and maintenance
Warning system
Introduction
• Test emergency communication
Awareness
Data allocation
Simple Warning system • Topographical research in other villages to determine
Communication
more safe areas
Evacuation plan • Work out evacuation plan
Introduction
Progressive scheme
safe area
Safe areas
Conclusion
Recommendations
Living with the floods 35
Project team Surinam
