android tutorial devolopement

1. Ilias ahmed
EEL 6788- Advanced Topics in Wireless Networks

2. Objectives
 Android application development overview
 Getting started

3. Outline
 Background information
 Creating development environment
 “Hello, Android” tutorial/demo
 Install/Debug application on Android phone device
 “Sensors” API sample demo

4. What is Android?
 Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating
system, middleware, and key applications.
 Android Software Development Kit (SDK)
 Provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the
Android platform using the Java programming language.
 Includes a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator (based on QEMU),
documentation, sample code, and tutorials
 Android Market is an online software store developed by Google for Android
devices
 An application program ("app") called "Market" is preinstalled on most
Android devices and allows users to browse and download apps published by
third-party developers, hosted on Android Market
 As of December 2010, the Android Market had over 200,000 applications

5. History
 Android mobile operating system initially developed by
Android Inc, based in Palo Alto, CA.
 Android's co-founders
 Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger),
 Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.)
 Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile)
 Chris White (headed design and interface development at
WebTV)
 Android was bought by Google in 2005.
 Its co-founders went to work for Google
 Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance
collaborated on Android's development and release
 Android has been available under a free software / open source
license since October ,2008

6. Meet Android
Co-Founders
 Rick Miner Andy Rubin Nick Sears

Chris White picture not yet found

7. Operating System Overview
 Powered by the Linux kernel
 Consists of 12 million lines of code including:
3 million lines of XML
2.8 million lines of C
2.1 million lines of Java
1.75 million lines of C++
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)

8. Current API Distribution
 Version 1.0 was released on 23rd September 2008
 Newest version, 3.0, was release on 26th January
2011.
 Distribution as of 01/04/11

9. Android Architecture
 5 major components: Applications, Application Frameworks, Libraries,
Android Runtime, and Linux Kernel

10. Platform Architecture Videos
 Presenter: Mike Cleron, Android development team
member.
 Video 1 of 3 (13 minute): architecture overview +
replacing and reusing components example

11. Application Components
 An activity presents a visual user interface
Present a list of menu items users can choose
Display photographs along with their captions
Activities work together to form a cohesive user
interface, however each activity is independent of the
others.
 Service doesn't have a visual user interface, runs in the
background for an indefinite period of time
Media player’s music playback service

12. Application Components
(Cont.)
 Broadcast receiver: is a component that receives and reacts to
broadcast announcements
 let other applications know that some data has been downloaded
to the device and is available for use.
 Content provider :
 Makes a specific set of the application's data available to other
applications
 Enables other applications to retrieve and store data of the type it
controls
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html

13. Activity Life Cycle
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html

14. Android Features
Part 1
 Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components
 Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
 Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine
 Optimized graphics powered by
 Custom 2D graphics library;
 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware
acceleration optional)
 SQLite for structured data storage
 http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html

15. Android Features
Part 2
 Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats
(MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
 GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
 Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
 Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware
dependent)
 Rich development environment including a device emulator,
tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plug-
in for the Eclipse IDE
 http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html

16. Application Fundamentals
 Written in the Java programming language.
 Code along with any required data and resource files are
compiled into an Android package, .apk file.
 Installed on mobile devices
 Runs in its own Linux process
 Has its own virtual machine (VM),
 Is assigned a unique Linux user ID
Permissions are set so that the application's files are visible
only to that user and only to the application itself
 http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamental
s.html

17. Android Central Feature
 Replace and Reuse
 One application can make use of elements of other applications provided
those applications permit it.
 One application doesn't incorporate the code of the other application or
link to it. Rather, it simply starts up that piece of the other application
when the need arises.
 For this to work, the system must be able to start an application process
when any part of it is needed, and instantiate the Java objects for that part.
 Unlike applications on most other systems, Android applications don't have
a single entry point for everything in the application (no main() function, for
example).
 Rather, they have essential components that the system can instantiate and
run as needed.
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html

18. Intents
 Is the 5th key class
 Objects that hold the content of the message
 Activities, services, and broadcast receivers — are activated by
intents
 For activities and services, it names the action being requested
and specifies the URI of the data to act on, among other things
 Request for an activity to present an image to the user or let the user
edit some text
 For broadcast receivers, it names the action being announced
 Announce to interested parties that the camera button has been
pressed
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html

19. Manifest file
 Before Android can start an application component, it
must learn that the component exists.
 Applications must declare their components in a manifest
file
 Is a structured XML file, named AndroidManifest.xml
for all applications.
 Declares the application's components
 Names any libraries the application needs to be linked
against (besides the default Android library)
 Identifies any permissions the application expects to be
granted
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html

20. Manifest File Example
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 package="com.example.helloandroidtoo"
 android:versionCode="1"
 android:versionName="1.0">
 <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"
android:debuggable="true">
 <activity android:name=".HelloAndroid"
 android:label="@string/app_name">
 <intent-filter>
 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
 </intent-filter>
 </activity>
 android:debuggable="true"
 </application>
 <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
 </manifest>
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html

21. Supported Operating Systems
Windows XP (32-bit), Vista (32- or 64-bit), or
Windows 7 (32- or 64-bit)
Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later (x86 only)
Linux (tested on Ubuntu Linux, Lucid Lynx)
 GNU C Library (glibc) 2.7 or later is required.
 On Ubuntu Linux, version 8.04 or later is required.
 64-bit distributions must be capable of running 32-bit
applications

22. Supported Development
Environments
 Recommended: Eclipse
 Eclipse IDE 3.4 (Ganymede) or greater
 Eclipse IDE for Java Developers
 Eclipse Classic (versions 3.5.1 and higher)
 Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers
 Eclipse JDT plug-in (included in most Eclipse IDE packages)
 JDK 5 or JDK 6 (JRE alone is not sufficient)
 Android Development Tools plug-in (recommended)
 Other development environments or IDEs
 JDK 5 or JDK 6 (JRE alone is not sufficient)
 Apache Ant 1.8 or later
 Not compatible with Gnu Compiler for Java (gcj)

23. Set up Development
Environment
 Review system requirements
 Installing Java SDK
 Download Eclipse IDE
 Install Android SDK
 Installing ADT plug-in for Eclipse
 Adding Platforms and Components
http://developer.android.com/sdk/installing.html

24. Installing Java SDK
 Website:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.
html
 Takes about 5 minutes
 Latest version: 1.6.23
 Select the standard edition
 Select platform
 Check license agreement
 Select file in the “Available Files”
 Select “Run” to start installing
 Accept all default settings unless you want to customize.
 Don’t need immediate registration
 Java SDK will be installed on C drive by default
 For example: C:Program FilesJavajdk1.6.0_23

25. Java SDK Directory

26. Download Eclipse
 http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
 Takes about 3 Minutes
 Select package
 Select zip file for your OS
 Click on “Download”
 On “File Download” dialog, select “Save” to save the .zip
file
 After zip file is completely downloaded, unzip it.
 Eclipse application is located under “eclipse” folder
 For example: C:UserschauDesktopeclipse-SDK-3.6.1-
win32eclipse

27. Eclipse Directory

28. Notes on Eclipse Tutorial
 Instructions written based on older version
 Missing steps
 HelloWorld tutorial: check on “Create public static
main ….”
 First time “Run as  Java application” is not available
 Other note: by default, Eclipse project is configured
to “Build Automatically” (Project->Build
Automatically)

29. Install Android SDK
 Website: http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
 Takes 10-15 minutes
 Installer will verify if Java has been installed and stop
installing if Java SDK is missing
 Accept most defaults
 Accept license agreement
 Optionally, install additional packages when Android
SDK and Android Virtual Device (AVD) Manager dialog
open.
 Select “Available Packages” and select package (s) to install
● AndroidSDKInstallation.pptx

30. Install ADT Plugin
For Eclipse
 Go to Android SDK Installing website for
instructions.
 2 main steps.
 Use Eclipse to download
 Download ADT Plugin.pptx
 Configure
 Configure ADT Plugin.pptx

31. Android Emulator
 Virtual mobile device that runs on computer.
 Can be used to prototype, develop, and test Android applications
without using a physical device.
 http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html

32. Create Android
Virtual Device (AVD)
 An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a device
configuration for the emulator that allows you to model
real world devices.
 In order to run an instance of the emulator, you must
create an AVD.
 On Eclipse, select Window -> Android SDK and AVD
Manager
 Click New to create a new AVD.
 Fill in the details for the AVD. Give it a name, a platform
target, an SD card size (512), and a skin (HVGA is
default).
 Click Create AVD.
 Launch an emulator with the AVD by clicking Start

33. Hello Android Tutorial
Step 1
Create New Android Project
From Eclipse IDE: Select File -> New ->
Project to open “New File” dialog
 On “New File” dialog: expand “Android”
folder, then select “Android Project”, then
click on “Next” button
http://developer.android.com/guide/tutorials/hello-
world.html

34. Create Project

35. Select Android Project

36. Hello Android Tutorial
Step 2
Specify project properties
 Project name: HelloAndroid
Build target: 2.2
 Might need to create the target first (See Create AVD)
Application name: Hello, Android
Package name: com.example.HelloAndroid
Select “Create Activity” with “HelloAndroid” as
name
Min SDK Version: 8
Click on “Finish” button.
 http://developer.android.com/guide/tutorials/hello-world.html

38. Hello Android Tutorial
Step 3
Edit/Add code in the “onCreate” method
Comment out the following line
//setContentView(R.layout.main);
Add the following lines
TextView tv = new TextView(this);
tv.setText("Hello, Android!!!nWhat's up urban?");
setContentView(tv);
 Save the file , then Build the project if needed
*** Might need to import 2 new packages by clicking on the
red cross on the left hand side of that line

39. Newly added codeProject Files
Project Files

40. Hello Android Tutorial
Step 4
Run application using emulator
 Click “Run As” to open “Run As” dialog
 Might need to create an Android Virtual device.
 Select “Android Application
 Click on “OK”
 2 command prompts pop up and go away
 Emulator pop ups, then go through a few stages and displays.
 Wait for a few minutes for Activity Manager to complete launching the
activity. Console displays message below.
 “Activity Manager: Starting: Intent { act=an ….}”, click on “Menu” to see the
“Hello World Message”
 After Emulator “locked” screen appear.
 Click on “Menu” button, “Hello Android” message will display.
 Click “Home” button on emulator
 Click on “…” on screen, “Hello, Android” application icon display on screen.
 Double click on app icon to display the app message

41. “Run As” Dialog

42. Emulator Initializing

43. Console Messages

44. Emulator Startup Screen

45. Hello Android Running

46. Emulator Home

47. Applications Screen

48. Run On Device
 Must set up device, Android environment, and driver
first (see next slide)
 Connect USB cable from phone to PC
 Run
 Eclipse automatically install the application, .apk file,
and run it

49. Developing on a Device
 Declare your application as "debug-able" in your Android Manifest.
 Turn on "USB Debugging" on your device.
 Install USB driver
 If using Android Developer Phone (ADP): Nexus One, or Nexus S,
install Google Windows USB Driver
 Otherwise, find a link to the appropriate OEM driver in the OEM
USB Drivers document
 Install HTC Sync
 Make sure generic/incomparable driver has been removed
 Take about 5 minutes
 Choose “Complete” Set up type.
 Install HTC Sync.pptx
● Connect phone as “Disk Drive”, not “Charge Only” or “USB
Tethering”
 http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/device.html

50. Install APK File
via Android Market
 Copy the APK file to your Android’s memory card
and insert the card into your phone.
 Download and install the Apps Installer application
from the Android Market
 Once installed, run Apps Installer , browse to the
APK file on the memory card.
 Click and install your APK file.

51. Install APK File
Using Android SDK
 Android Debug Bridge is a tool that allows manage
the state of an emulator instance or Android-
powered device
 Install appropriate driver
 Connect phone to PC via USB data cable
 Run command line from SDK's platform-tools/
directory :
 adb -d install
C:UserschauworkspaceHelloFormStuffsbinHell
oFormStuffs.apk

52. Install APK File Result

53. Create Project From Existing
Source
 For example: platform ApiDemos
 Create a new project from existing source
 Browse to and select ApiDemos folder
 Select Build Target
 Click on “Finish”

54. Create ApiDemos Project

55. Android Phone Sensors
 Accelerometer
 Senses changes in orientation allowing the device to know when it
is tilted on its side
 Proximity sensor
 Deactivates the display and touch screen when the device is
brought near the face during a call
 Ambient light sensor
 Adjusts the display brightness which in turn saves battery power
 E-compass
 Provides orientation with respect to Earth's magnetic field
 Camera
 GPS
 Microphone

56. Sensing Related Packages
 Media
 http://developer.android.com/reference/android/med
ia/package-summary.html
 Location
 http://developer.android.com/reference/android/loca
tion/package-summary.html
 Hardware
 http://developer.android.com/reference/android/har
dware/Sensor.html

57. Sensor API Demo
 Package: com.example.android.apis.os;
 Displays the values of the acceleration sensor graphically.
 Get sensor manager
 mSensorManager = (SensorManager)
getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);
 Register listener for 4 sensor types
 mSensorManager.registerListener(mGraphView,
SensorManager.SENSOR_ACCELEROMETER |
SensorManager.SENSOR_MAGNETIC_FIELD |
SensorManager.SENSOR_ORIENTATION,
SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST);
 Override onSensorChanged(…) to display the changed value

58. Questions/Answers

59. Additional

60. Hardware Package Summary

61. Android SDK Disk Storage