The pace of changes in the business environment in which a modern enterprise operates requires the enterprise to constantly review its business models in order to survive and prosper in the dynamic world. This exploratory study investigates how to help the enterprise to innovate their business models based on the concepts of fractal enterprise model and transformational patterns. The paper suggests an approach to Business Model Innovation (BMI) where the focus is on transformational patterns. It discusses the structure of such patterns, and based on examples, it presents an approach on how such patterns can be derived from cases of completed business transformations.

1. BIR 2018
Defining Trasformational Pattern
for Business Model Innovation
Ilia Bider, Erik Perjons
DSV, Stockholm University

2. Have you thought ….
Your company’s
Business model
2017-2022
… that you company’s main business model can be
dead in 5-10 years … and … How do you address that?

3. Solution: Use existing model/method for
Business Model Innovation
Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y. (2014).Business Model Generation:
A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers.
Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, US
Business Model Canvas

4. Text of the article: http://bit.ly/2NB6APD
Video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/-itxTYSBJjg
Links to external sources

5. New problem
Business Model Canvas

6. New problem
● How to get from here to there?
?
Business Model CanvasBusiness Model Canvas

7. Solution
● Find all the company’s assets (people, machines) and processes and
their relationships
● Try to combine them in another way to get a new business model
In other words use destruction (of an old model) and creation (of a
new one) by reconfiguring the existing elements
Boyd, J.R: Destruction and creation. Lecture presented to the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College (1976).

8. New problem
● How to find the assets and processes?
– Very few, if any member of staff
has an exact picture of how the
company works
Hoverstadt, P.: Why Business should take Enterprise
Architecture seriously. In: Gøtze, J. and Jensen-Waud, A.
(eds.) Beyond Alignment: Applying Systems Thinking in
Ar-chitecting Enterprises. pp. 55–166. College
Publications (2013)
– Assets and processes can be
hidden for the management

9. Solution: Model and method support
Requirements a such Model and Method support:
● Should visualize the processes and their assets – and
relationships between them
● Should support generation of hypotheses for change
● Should help to evaluate hypotheses

10. Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM)
● FEM is a means to identify the enterprise’s assets
and processes that can be used as a basis for new
and innovative business models

11. Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM)
● FEM focuses on enterprise processes and assets
and relationships between them, and helps to
visualize these relationships
Process
Asset (resource)

12. Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM)
● FEM facilitates generation and evaluation of hypotheses about
new or complementing business models

13. Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM)
● FEM facilitates generation and evaluation of hypotheses about
new or complementing business models
Existing assets and processes that can
used as a base for a new business model

14. Fractal Enterprise Model (FEM)
● FEM facilitates generation and evaluation of hypotheses about
new or complementing business models
Existing assets and processes that can
used as a base for a new business model

15. FEM – step by step
● To build a FEM, one starts with a process (in most
cases a primary one)
Book sales
over Internet

16. FEM – step by step
● … then assets that are needed to run process instances are
identified
Book sales
over Internet

17. FEM – step by step
● … then assets that are needed to run process instances are
identified
Book sales
over Internet
Private Customer
- Book Readers
Packing and
Devilvering Staff
Webshop
Software
IT Plattform for
Webshop Deployment
Beneficiary Workforce Tech & Info
Infrastructure
Tech & Info
Infrastructure

18. FEM – step by step
● Then for each asset, identify how it is managed (created,
maintained and removed)
Book sales
over Internet
Private Customer
- Book Readers
Packing and
Devilvering Staff
Webshop
Software
IT Plattform for
Webshop Deployment
Beneficiary Workforce Tech & Info
Infrastructure
Tech & Info
Infrastructure

19. FEM – step by step
● Then for each asset, identify how it is managed (created,
maintained and removed)
Book sales
over Internet
Private Customer
- Book Readers
Packing and
Devilvering Staff
Webshop
Software
IT Plattform for
Webshop Deployment
Beneficiary Workforce Tech & Info
Infrastructure
Tech & Info
Infrastructure

20. FEM – step by step
● For each assets, identify the processes for its creation,
maintenance and removal
Book sales
over Internet
Private Customer
- Book Readers
Packing and
Devilvering Staff
Webshop
Software
IT Plattform for
Webshop Deployment
Platform
creation
Platform
maintenance
Phasing out old
platform
Beneficiary Workforce Tech & Info
Infrastructure
Tech & Info
Infrastructure
Aquire Maintain Retire

21. FEM – step by step
● Then for each newly added process, once again, identify the
assets that are needed for running its instances
Book sales
over Internet
Private Customer
- Book Readers
Packing and
Devilvering Staff
Webshop
Software
IT Plattform for
Webshop Deployment
Platform
creation
Platform
maintenance
Phasing out old
platform
Beneficiary Workforce Tech & Info
Infrastructure
Tech & Info
Infrastructure
Aquire Maintain Retire

22. FEM – step by step
● Then for each newly added process, once again, identify the
assets that are needed for running its instances
Book sales
over Internet
Private Customer
- Book Readers
Packing and
Devilvering Staff
Webshop
Software
IT Plattform for
Webshop Deployment
Platform
creation
Platform
maintenance
Phasing out old
platform
Beneficiary Workforce Tech & Info
Infrastructure
Tech & Info
Infrastructure
Aquire Maintain Retire

23. Build FEM – with archetypes (patterns)
● To support identification of assets for a process one can use a
process-assets archetype

24. Build FEM – with archetypes (patterns)
● “Process-assets” archetype

25. Build FEM – with archetypes (patterns)
● To support identification of processes for an asset one can use
a process-assets archetype

26. Build FEM – with archetypes (patterns)
● “Asset-processes” archetype

27. Build FEM – with archetypes (patterns)
● FEM is created by recursive application of archetypes
(process-assets  asset-processes …

28. Example of Transformation

29. Example of Transformational Pattern

30. Another Example of Transformation and
Transformational Pattern

31. Goal: Creating a library of
transformational patterns
Based on analysis of past transformations
1. Build a relevant fragment of FEM before the transformation
2. Build a relevant fragment of FEM after the transformation
3. Relate elements of these two models showing which
elements of the original model have been used in the
transformed model and how they have been change during
the transformation
4. Abstract from the details of the given case creating a
transformational pattern
5. Finding other examples of transformation that fit the
constructed pattern

32. Just a comment on the type of BMI
● Three types of BMI
1. Industry model innovation - which amounts to
change the position in value change, entering
new markets, and/or other type of radical
changes.
2. Revenue model innovation - which results in
changes in how a company generates
revenues, e.g. reconfiguring offerings and/or
introducing new pricing models.
3. Enterprise model innovation – which involves
innovating the structure of an enterprise, such
as enterprise goals, business processes,
products and/or services
Giesen, E., Berman, S. J., Bell, R., Blitz, A.: Three ways to successfully innovate
your business model. Strategy & Leadership, Vol. 35 Issue: 6, pp. 35(6), 27-33
(2007).
Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y.: Business
Model Generation: A Handbook for
Visionaries, Game Changers, and
Challengers. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ,US (2014)

33. Links
Example of Business Model Innovation in the InsightMaker:
http://bit.ly/2qakWJR or use this link:
https://insightmaker.com/insight/67969/Debating-Businesss-Model-Transformation-an-
Example (Press "View story" in the left bottom corner and use Step forward in the right
bottom corner)
- Research paper with detailed information:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10270-016-0554-9
- One more example of a FEM model, from the paper above, related to teaching& learning
https://insightmaker.com/insight/19994/Teaching-Learning

34. Q & A
Thank you for your patience
Questions and comments Please
Contact
Ilia Bider, ilia@dsv.su.se
Erik Perjons, perjons@dsv.su.se

35. Contact
Ilia Bider, ilia@dsv.su.se
Erik Perjons, perjons@dsv.su.se