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Advanced Po workshop November 2015
1. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Agile
Product Owner
Workshop
Ilan Kirschenbaum
Agile coach
co-founder @ practical-agile
twitter: @kirschi_
email: ilan@practical-agile.com
blog: http://practical-agile.com/our-blog
2. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Connection before content
3.
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A-HA wall
Parking lot
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Parking lot
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6
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7
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Physical examination
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Photos
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Express your preferences
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The
product
Owner
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Define the product
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Focus on business results
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Communicate
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Define standards
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Define schedule
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The captain of the boat
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The painters game
• Decide who are the Artists and Designers.
• Artists - please leave the room.
• Designers - choose the messenger
• Designers are not allowed to talk or gesture with
Artists
• When using documents only simple text is allowed.
(NO speaking, drawing, or gesturing.
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Round 1
8 minutes
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Round 2
8 minutes
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OutputInput
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Round 3
8 minutes
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28. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Concept Change
• Traditionally throws content “over the fence”– no
more!
• Takes an active role throughout the development
lifespan.
• Needs to make decisions regarding ROI every
sprint.
• The single wringable neck.
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Guiding principles for the PO
• Talk directly and frequently with your customers
• Talk directly and frequently with your development
teams
• Engage the development teams in creating value
for your customers
• Maintain your product’s quality and agility – do
not let technical debt accumulate
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The Product Owner a-la Scrum Guide
• Responsible for maximizing the value of the
product and the work of the Development Team.
• How this is done may vary widely across
organizations, Scrum Teams, and individuals.
• The Product Owner is the sole person responsible
for managing the Product Backlog.
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The Product Owner a-la Scrum Guide
• Product Backlog management includes
• Clearly expressing Product Backlog items
• Ordering the items in the Product Backlog to best achieve goals
and missions
• Optimizing the value of the work the Development Team performs
• Ensuring that the Product Backlog is visible, transparent, and clear
to all, and shows what the Scrum Team will work on next
• Ensuring the Development Team understands items in the Product
Backlog to the level needed
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The Product Owner a-la Scrum Guide
• The Product Owner may do the above work, or have
the Development Team do it.
• However, the Product Owner remains accountable.
• The Product Owner is one person, not a committee
• The Product Owner may represent the desires of a
committee in the Product Backlog, but those
wanting to change a Product Backlog item’s
priority must address the Product Owner.
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The Product Owner a-la Scrum Guide
• For the Product Owner to succeed, the entire
organization must respect his or her decisions.
• The Product Owner’s decisions are visible in the
content and ordering of the Product Backlog.
• No one is allowed to tell the Development Team to
work from a different set of requirements
• the Development Team isn’t allowed to act on what
anyone else says
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“Would you tell me, please, which
way I ought to go from here?”
“That depends a good deal on where
you want to get to,” said the Cat.
“I don’t much care where –,” said Alice.
“Then it doesn’t matter which way
you go,” said the Cat
[Lewis Carrol – Alice in wonderland]
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36. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Create a lean canvas
for your product
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The marshmallow challenge
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3 simple rules
• Build the Tallest Freestanding Structure
• The Entire Marshmallow Must be on Top
• Use as Much or as Little of the Kit
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The marshmallow
Challenge
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Size Matters
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Building the wrong product
Wave
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45. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
46. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
47. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
48. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Building the right products
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User personas
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User persona template
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Create your own
personas exercise
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53. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
User Stories
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CCC
• Card
• Conversation
• Confirmation
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User Stories
• A recommended practice to write requirements
• Are not use cases!
• Describe requirements from the user’s POV
• Suggested formats:
a) As a …. I would like to…. [so that….]
b) In order to {achieve something} a {persona/user} would like to
{do something}
• “If you can’t fit the story on an index card, get smaller cards!”
• Modelled for discussion, to overcome the communication gap
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Investing in User Stories
• Independent
• Negotiable
• Valuable
• Estimate-able
• Short/Simple
• Testable
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User Story Examples
• As a customer I want to be able to check my current balance
• As Margaret I would like to be able to see the overall
balance of the customers
• A report showing last week sales vs. current week
• In order to stay connected, as Joe I want to get all my social-
media notifications in one app
• As a network admin, I want to see a visual map of faulty
network elements, so I can analyze errors quickly
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In order to work effectively
with User Stories, as a Product
Owner, I want to reserve space
for some meta data
Size Priority
Best
Before
End
Epic
This is just an example
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Functional vs.
Non Functional
• Functional - anything that the product is intended
to do to serve its purpose
• Non functional - anything else
• What is non functional tends to be elusive
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Examples for
Non-Functional Requirements
• Usability - e.g. number of clicks
• User experience - e.g. scroll acceleration
• Performance - e.g. latency and throughput
• Sizing - e.g. period of transactions to keep
• Scalability - e.g. multithreading/multiprocessing/multi-whatever-ing
• Availability e.g. 3-9s/4-9s/5-9s
• Also security, certifications, legal, and so on
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Examples for
Non-Functional Requirements
• In order to compete in the market, 3,000 sales-agents
should get a quote in less than 1 second, 24x7
• Scroll acceleration in list boxes should feel like on
iPhone
• In order to avoid data-loss, the recording module must
handle 1,000 concurrent calls
• In order to reduce hardware costs, the system must
meet 5-9s availability with 140% peak-time resources
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Write Some User
Stories for Your Product
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Tools for generating requirement
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Based on personas
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Story mapping
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Examine the timeline
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Story Mapping Example
Time
A website for freelancers to find customers
Register Post offering get leads Close deals Get paid
Create account
Edit account
Register
company
Delete account
Invite friends
Forgot
password
Offer service
Offer package
Discount codes
Affiliates
In-site ads
Tagging
Contact via mail
Contact form
Page visitors
Analytics
Search leads
Update site with
deal details
In-site contract
templates
Get behaviour
analytics per
customer
In-site mail
system
Publish free
content
Update offline
payment
Secure credit
card
Paypal support
Automatic
invoice
Customize
invoice
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Create a story map for
your product
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71. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Why Prioritize?
• Deciding what will be developed in each iteration/
release
• Reacting to
• Requirements / needs (market)
• Actual development capability (size)
• Technology / Feasibility (risk)
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How to Prioritize?
• If it is not hard, it is probably not good enough!
• Several methods exists:
• Survey users to understand value (e.g Kano)
• Focus on ROI (e.g. MoSCoW)
• Risk analysis
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MoSCoW
• Introduced with early concepts of agility (DSDM,
RAD)
• Intended to quickly analyze desired scope for the
short time-boxes ahead
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MoSCoW
• Must have
Must have at least one Must
• Should have
As important as Must, but not necessarily time critical
• Can have
Maybe some low hanging fruit, for example
• Won’t have
Either dropped, or not now. Not necessarily not important
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Simple ROI analysis
Put chart from NSN PPT
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
BC
D
E
F
G
H
K
L
M
N
Cost
Value
Won’tMust Should Could
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High Risk
Low Value
High Risk
High Value
Low Risk
Low Value
Low Risk
High Value
ValueLow
High
Low
High
Risk
1
3 2
x
Risk-Driven: The objective is to start with the most important and
riskiest features – better early than late. Tackling hard, problematic
issues early is difficult and painful
Simple Risk analysis
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Kano Model
• A model to understand and classify users’ needs
• Classify to Mandatory, Linear, Exciters, Neutral, Indifferent
• Mandatory - Must haves, can’t sell without them
• Linear - The more the better
• Exciters - Great if there, no problem if not
• Reverse - May satisfy some users, but dissatisfy others
• Indifferent - Most users don’t care
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Classification Example
• Mandatory - Can make phone-calls
• Linear - Memory size, Battery performance
• Exciters - Holographic display
• Reverse - Automatic Facebook check-in
• Indifferent - Built-in IDE
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Kano Diagram
(Exciters)
(Linear)
(Mandatory)
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Kano Survey
• For each feature ask participants two questions:
• What if the feature will be there?
• What if the feature will not be there?
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Kano Survey - Example
Question
How would you feel if your
phone featured a compass?
If your phone did not have a
compass, would you like it?
Idislikeit
It’sOK
I’m
Neutral
Itmustbe
ILikeit
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Analyzing a Single Requirement
Question
Q E E E L
R I I I M
R I I I M
R I I I M
R R R R Q
Idislikeit
It’sOK
I’m
Neutral
Itmustbe
ILikeit
I dislike it
It’s OK
I’m Neutral
It must be
I Like it
M Mandatory
L Linear
E Exciter
I Indifferent
R
Reverse (can
be either way)
Q Questionable
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Analyzing Results - Medial
Requirement M L E I R Q Result
Requirement 1 50 35 7 8 0 0 M
Requirement 2 42 55 1 2 0 0 L
Requirement 3 20 25 45 8 2 0 E
… 12 15 11 62 0 0 I
M Mandatory
L Linear
E Exciter
I Indifferent
R
Reverse (can
be either way)
Q Questionable
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Analyzing Results - Average
Question
Q E E E L
R I I I M
R I I I M
R I I I M
R R R R Q
Idislikeit
It’sOK
I’m
Neutral
Itmustbe
ILikeit
I dislike it
It’s OK
I’m Neutral
It must be
I Like it
1 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
4
5
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Prioritize using the
kano model
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Kano Categorization Table
Question
Q E E E L
R I I I M
R I I I M
R I I I M
R R R R Q
Idislikeit
It’sOK
I’m
Neutral
Itmustbe
ILikeit
I dislike it
It’s OK
I’m Neutral
It must be
I Like it
M Mandatory
L Linear
E Exciter
I Indifferent
R Reverse (can
be either way)
Q Questionable
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88. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Sizing User Stories
• User stories become more granular over
time.
• Usually the stories starts as very big
items (Epics) and are split into smaller
sized items.
• Optional size - 2 stories per team per
week.
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When & How ?
• Requirements grooming Refactoring
meeting
• Done by the PO with the team
• Grooming = Splitting, clarifying &
estimating
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Splitting Stories
• Vague terms
• Identify vague terms in your story and refine
them as different user stories
• Conjunctions
• Split around AND, OR, WHEN, IF
• Acceptance Criteria
• Each criteria can go to its own story
• Workflow Steps
• Each step in the flow can be its own story
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Pa#erns for Story Spli1ng (cont.)
Operations (e.g. CRUD)
As a user, I can manage my account.
...I can sign up for an account.
...I can edit my account settings.
...I can cancel my account.
Business Rule Variations
As a user, I can search for flights with
flexible dates.
...as “n days between x and y.”
...as “a weekend in December.”
...as “± n days of x and y
Major Effort
As a user, I can pay for my flight with
VISA, MasterCard, Diners Club, or
American Express.
...I can pay with one credit card type
(of VISA, MC, DC, AMEX).
...I can pay with all four credit card types
(VISA, MC, DC, AMEX).
Data Entry Methods
As a user, I can search for flights between
two destinations.
...using simple date input.
...with a fancy calendar UI.
… …
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Choose the biggest user
story you have and split it
into smaller User stories
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Acceptance Criteria
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Acceptance Criteria
• The terms and conditions to be met in order to accept
a requirement as Done
• Are not the Definition of Done
• Acceptance Criteria are specific for a requirement
Represents the contract the team accepts with each
• Definition of Done is a set of standards
Reflects the degree of engineering skills of the
team
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Acceptance Criteria
• Are progressive towards a requirement being Done
• Are SMART
• Specific
• Measurable
• Attainable
• Relevant
• Timely
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Acceptance Criterion
• Is a simple to follow condition
• Reflects an incremental step within the requirement
• Helps the team visualize what will it look like when
it gets Done
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Acceptance Criterion
• Is not:
• A set of instructions
• A design document
• A user-guide
• A use-case
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Acceptance Criterion
• Recommended format
GIVEN a pre-condition
WHEN an action happens
THEN an expected result occurs
• Some people call it a test
[And some others resent the notion of tests in
requirements]
• Can promote a test-first culture
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Acceptance Criteria Examples
• GIVEN login dialog
WHEN user enters username=“Mickey” AND password=“Mouse”
THEN user succeeds to login
• GIVEN login dialog
WHEN user enters username=“Mickey” AND password=“TheMouse”
THEN user fails to login
• GIVEN login dialog
AND login_type=“secure”
WHEN username=“Mickey” AND password=“Wrong”
WHEN submit
WHEN submit
THEN user is blocked
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Acceptance Criteria Examples
• GIVEN order
AND order_status=“New”
AND number_of_items=1
AND …
WHEN Submit_order
THEN Result=“Order OK”
AND Workflow_status=“bla bla"
AND Processing_Time=500ms
AND …
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Acc. Criteria for Splitting Stories
• Login with username + password
• Failed login
• Enter wrong password 3 times
• Password expired
• 3-part login
• Session timeout
BasicSecurityAdvanced
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Executable
Specifications
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Executable Specifications
• Acceptance Criteria become actual tests
• Actual tests activate code-to-be-written via fixtures
• Code gets tested as soon as it gets written
Given
When
Then
Test
Framework
Fixture
Actual
Code
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Specification
Workshops
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Specification Workshops
• A practice to enhance and improve acceptance
criteria
• Increases team engagement
• Increases business-domain knowledge
• Good practice to eliminate Chinese Whispers
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Specification Workshops
• Performed as part of the backlog grooming
• Discuss specific examples
• Product owner contributes to understanding the
business motivation
• Programmers contribute to technical edge-cases
• Testers contribute to behavioral edge-cases
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Write acceptance criteria
for your top priority items
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MVP
• MVP = Minimum Viable Product
• A way to test the business assumptions.
• Does the product provide value?
• Will people pay for it?
• How long will it take to build the
complete solution?
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MVP Examples
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https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/27532820/original_screencast.html
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Spiral vs. Iterative
!@#
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Customer Collaboration
over Contract Negotiation
MVP
e.g. PoC
PSP
PSPMMF
MMF
Minimum Viable Product
Potentially Shippable Product
Minimal Marketable Feature
Next
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Come up with an MVP
for your product
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Defining the standards
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Definition of DONE
• Terms of satisfaction of the product owner.
• Defined by the PO with the team.
• Example:
• Design, code, tested, installer ready,
documented, less than 10 known bugs.
• Identical for all items in the backlog.
122. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Beware of undone work
Undone Undone Undone Undone
Stabilization
sprint(s)
Sprint 1 Sprint 2 Sprint 3 Sprint 4
Undone = risk
Undone = no visibility Can we
release ?
123. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Technical Debt
Time
Work
left
20
10 12 14 16 18
124. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
So…
How
much will
this MVP
cost?
125. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
S U I C I D EPlease consider it
126. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
There is no known way to accurately
calculate the cost of a s/w project
127. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
EsDmaDng cost (in advance)
• Once you have estimated the scope you may try
and put a price tag on it
• Since information is missing we can:
• Use past data (experience) - Consult the experts
• Educated Guess => Guesstimate
• Use semi formal models (COCOMO , Wideband
Delphi,…)
• Run a single cycle and roughly measure progress
128. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Educated guess (1)
• Estimate all User stories using story points
(Relative estimate)
• Take several stories which you have
relatively high confidence in.
• Without looking at the points, estimate
them in time units.
• Calculate average for a story point (A
range)
129. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Educated guess (2)
• Now you have the time effort estimate
(range) for a single point.
• Multiply the total points in your
backlog with the “time per point”
parameter.
• Send the price quote to your manager.
• Pray.
130. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Educated guess (Example)
• We need to estimate cost for 500 points.
• We choose 3 stories - A(8),B(13) & C(5)
• A is estimated at 20 MD = 2.5 md/p
• B is estimated at 40 MD => 3.07md/p
• C is estimated at 10 MD => 2 md/p
131. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Educated guess (Example)
• 1 point = 2md — 3.07md
• Totals backlog is 500 points.
• The estimate is calculated :
2mdx500 — 3.07mdx500
• Estimate is 1000md — 1535md
132. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
133. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
134. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Reacting to Changes
136. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
137. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Progress
• Think WAZE
• Progress =
(Remaining effort) / (Total Effort)
138. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Three Broad Strategies
• What can we complete in X time?
• How long do we need to complete Y?
• Can we finish Y within X time?
139. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Tracking progress
• To guess progress, you need to know:
• Average completion rate
(aka Velocity, yesterday’s weather)
• Total known remaining work
• Definition of Done being followed
140. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Remaining Work, Done Value
0
35
70
105
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Remaining
Effort
Done stories
Aha!
May apear that
there is no
progress
141. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Burndown
• A simple way to visualize
• Done Scope Progress
• Schedule
• (Optional: Budget Consumption)
142. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Burndown
• Scope
• Total remaining scope - Accumulated done
things (i.e. Done-Done stories)
• Schedule
• Plotting iterations on the X-axis
143. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Release Turndown Chart
Linear Regression
Remaining work each
Sprint
Sprints
144. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Burndown Data
145. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
146. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Burndown with Scope Trend
Trend of scope
burndown
Trend of scope
additions
Intersection
= Forecast end
sprint
147. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Long Term Planning
• Story mapping (By Scope)
• Velocity based (By Time)
• Don’t! Focus on continuous delivery of business
goals
148. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Story Mapping Revisited
Time
A website for freelancers to find customers
Register Post offering get leads Close deals Get paid
Create account
Edit account
Register
company
Delete account
Invite friends
Forgot
password
Offer service
Offer package
Discount codes
Affiliates
In-site ads
Tagging
Contact via mail
Contact form
Page visitors
Analytics
Search leads
Update site with
deal details
In-site contract
templates
Get behaviour
analytics per
customer
In-site mail
system
Publish free
content
Update offline
payment
Secure credit
card
Paypal support
Automatic
invoice
Customize
invoice
Release 1 Release 2 Release 3
Explore Stabilize Stabilize
149. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Dont! Focus on
business goals. How?
150. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Impact mapping
151. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Impact mapping
Business
Goal
Who can help
achieve the
goal
How can
they help
What can i
do to
encourage them
to do it?
Who
Who
How
How
How
What
What
What
User
Story
How could i do it?
User
Story
User
Story
152. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
We want 1000
more freelancers
registered
Registered
freelancers
Unregistered
freelancers
Other site
owners
Friends
Family
Invite friends
Posting about
the site
Give bonus for invites
As a freelancer i would
like to get 1 month free
when i invite a friend
As site admin i would
like to freelancers that
have more than 5
invited promoted on
search results
153. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Choose a goal (You can use the
“key metrics” in your lean canvas)
And Create an impact map
154. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Questions?
Parking lot
155. Product Owner workshop by Practical Agile is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Feedback
Can we quote you?
Can we use your name?