Enterprise PHP Development (Dutch PHP Conference 2008)

Enterprise PHP development

Ivo Jansch <ivo@ibuildings.com>

Dutch PHP Conference, June 14, 2008

Ibuildings - http://www.ibuildings.com

What's an enterprise?
• Wikipedia:
 “Any of several ships by that name in the Star Trek
fictional universe”

 “A business, company, or comparable organization”
Tuesday, February 26, 2008 2

Is PHP Enterprise ready?
• CIO Magazine:

“ H w r s w l f r pooy i g b c ue i i e s t g t a se u a d r n i g Ue P P t d s n
P P ok e o r t t p ea s t s ay o e i p n u n . s H o ei
n t n g
the site [...] but when it comes time for development, tell the team you want
t
he result to look and act like this PHP site...but in Java”

(Or: “great, this is exactly what I need! now do it again, at twice the cost!”)‫‏‬

http://www.cio.com/article/176250 (skip the article, read the comments)‫‏‬


Is PHP Enterprise ready?

 Big  Small
 Enterprise friendly  Lightweight
 enterpriCe  Cheap
 CS required  Easy to learn


A word from my girlfriend

It's not the

SIZE

of the tool...

It's how you USE it.


PHP is changing...
• 1998
 Personal stuff

• 2003
 Simple websites
 Content management
 Blogs

• 2008
 Big websites
 Banks
 Insurance Companies
 ...


PHP is changing...
• Traditional metaphor
 PHP is like Lego bricks

 Bricks allowing you to build
anything


PHP is changing...
• PHP is no longer a toy
 Let’s use the metaphor of actual bricks

 Because we’re building
actual buildings now


About Bricks

• Extreme simplicity
• Easy to learn
• Versatile
• Cheap

... so building a skyscraper must be peanuts, right?


Enterprise development in 10 steps


Step 1 – The Team
“Dear Mr. Businessman,

I have read about your plans to build a new
skyscraper and I am applying for a job.

I have a lot of experience with Bricks. I taught
myself how to use them and have been
maintaining our family shed for a few years now.”


Step 1 – The Team
• Be a software engineer

• Train your skills

• Study OO principles

• Consider Zend Certification


Step 2 - Requirements
• What does the customer need?
• What do visitors want?


Step 2 - Requirements
• Functional Design
 Requirements definition

 Interaction Design /
Wireframes

 Flow diagrams


Step 3 - Architecture
• Don’t just start stacking bricks

• Create an architecture first


• Technical Design
 Modelling
• Class diagrams
• ER diagram (data model)‫‏‬
• Colaboration diagrams
• Use cases
• etc.

 Tools: UML, whiteboards


• High Level Architectures:

 MVC (Model View Controller)

 SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)

 Multi-tier development (Frontend, Application, Data)

 CBD (Component Based Development)‫‏‬


Step 4 - Tools
• You don’t need tools...

• But they make you productive


Step 4 - Tools
• Development:
 Eclipse (PDT)‫‏‬
 PhpED
 Vim
 Zend Studio
 Komodo

• IDE's vs Editors
 Debugging
 Profiling
 Navigation / cross references
 Syntax Checking


Step 4 - Tools
• Source Control
 CVS / SVN
 Bitkeeper / GIT

 Branching
 Tagging


Step 5 - Foundation
• Start stacking bricks?
 How many bricks does it take..
 What about stability?

• Start with a foundation


Step 5 - Foundation
• Use a framework
 Provides guidelines (frame)‫‏‬
 Off the shelf components

• Examples
 Zend Framework http://framework.zend.com
 CakePHP http://http://www.cakephp.org
 ezComponents http://ez.no/ezcomponents
 Symfony http://www.symfony-project.org
 ATK http://www.achievo.org/atk


Step 5 - Foundation
• The “Not Invented Here” Syndrome

 “The existing frameworks are no good.
I can do this better.”

 “This framework is no good.
It can do A through Y but I need Z.”

 “This framework is too big.
It provides A-Z but we only need A and B.”

 “I know there's a good framework.
But I would like to learn.”


Step 6 – Design Patterns

Requirement 1056.4:

We need to be able to look outside, but we
can't make holes in the wall (rain should be
kept outside). When it's sunny, a hole is ok.


Step 6 – Design Patterns
• A ‘window’ is a concept
 Best practice way of solving a particular problem

• In IT, we call this a ‘design pattern’

• Popular patterns in PHP:
 MVC, Factory, Singleton, Registry, Decorator

• Good read:
 php|architect's Guide to
PHP Design Patterns
- Jason E. Sweat


Step 7 - Testing
• Is your software tested after it has gone live?


Step 7 - Testing
• Various types of testing

 Developer testing

 Functional testing

 Environment testing

 Performance testing

 Usability testing


Step 7 - Testing
• Common scenario


Step 7 - Testing
• User complains...

MWOEHA!
BUG!


Step 7 - Testing
• Developer attacks the problem

fix_bug();


Step 7 - Testing
• Problem solved!


Step 7 - Testing
• Solution: Unit Tests
 Automated testing after each change
 Prevents regressions

• Testing for PHP applications:
 PHPUnit http://www.phpunit.de/
 SimpleTest http://www.lastcraft.com/simple_test.php

• Continuous Integration:
 CruiseControl with phpUnderControl
 Xinc http://code.google.com/p/xinc/


Step 7 - Testing
• Test Driven Development
1. Define functionality
2. Create testcase
3. Run test -> test fails
4. Implement functionality
• Test succeeds? Done
• Test fails? Refactor

Repeat step 4 until finished


Step 8 - Optimization

Users are reporting:

quot;I work on the 197th floor. Every day I
have to walk the stairs for 2 hours, then I
have only 4 hours left to do my job.quot;


• Solution: Elevator


In PHP, this ‘elevator’ is called an ‘accelerator’

 This is how PHP works (pseudo-ish code):

read index.php; // enter the building
compile index.php; // go to floor 197
echo “Hello World”; // get the job done

 An accelerator improves the first 2 steps

 Accelerators for PHP:
• eAccelerator http://eaccelerator.net/
• APC http://pecl.php.net/package/APC
• Zend Platform http://www.zend.com/products/zend_platform



Users complain:

“Every time I need coffee I have to go
to the top floor to get some.”


• Solution: Create small coffee corners on every floor so
people
d
o
n’t have to go to the main restaurant every time.

• In PHP we call this caching
 Don’t query the database everytime you need data
 Use locally stored copy (file or memory)‫‏‬

• PHP Caching solutions:
 Zend_Cache http://framework.zend.com
 Smarty http://smarty.php.net
 Zend Platform http://www.zend.com/products/zend_platform
 Memcached
Tuesday, February 26, 2008
http://danga.com/memcached/ 38

Step 9 - Deployment
• Lifecycle:
 Develop
 Test
 Deploy to acceptance test environment
 Deploy to live

• Use SVN

• Code is just a part, don't forget the database

• Create a 'Deployment & Release Profile'


Step 9 - Deployment
• System Architecture

PHP
MySQL
Apache

Linux

From a simple LAMP stack on a single machine...


Step 9 - Deployment
• System Architecture

... to a High Availability, Horizontally Scalable architecture


Step 10 - Operations
• Monitoring
 Logfiles
 Monitor infrastructure (tools such as Nagios)‫‏‬
 Monitor application (tools such as Zend Platform)‫‏‬
 Monitor business (is the money still pouring in?)


• Debugging

 Ideal:

“I had error x when I selected y after I clicked z”

 Reality:

“It doesn't work!”
“What exactly doesn't work, and what did you do?”
“It just ******** didn't work, FIX IT.”


• Solution

 A 'root cause
analysis' tool


• Change management
 Ticket system
 Stick to your deployment - use the DRP

 DON'T TOUCH THE LIVE ENVIRONMENT.

 But I absolutely have to...

DON'T!

 but...

NO! IF YOU TOUCH IT, YOU WILL LOSE ALL GURU POINTS.


Shameless self-promotion
• php|architect's
Guide to Enterprise PHP Development

• PDF: June 12, Print: June 26

• ISBN: 978-0-9738621-8-8

• Order via http://phparch.com

• http://www.enterprisephp.nl

46

Questions?

http://www.jansch.nl
http://www.enterprisephp.nl
http://www.ibuildings.com

ivo@ibuildings.com


Enterprise PHP Development (Dutch PHP Conference 2008)

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