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1 buckley-the health of older workers 29-may12
1. The Health of Older Workers – Implications for
Future Labour Participation
11th Global Conference of the International Federation of Aging
28 May to 1st June, 2012
Dr Jennifer Buckley
Dr Lisel O’Dwyer
Professor Graeme Hugo
University of Adelaide,
Australian Population and Migration Research Centre
2. Overview
• Rationale for the study
• Project overview
• Methods
• Baby boomers’ labour participation in context
• Health and workforce attachment
• Workplace environments
• Implications for Policy and Research
3. Population Ageing in Australia
Projected Population Aged Under 15 Projected Population Aged 65 Years
Years, Australia, 2002-2101 and Over, Australia, 2002-2101
Source: ABS, Catalogue No. 3222.0, 2003, p85
4. Rationale for the Study
• Fewer new entrants to labour market
• Increase and extend labour participation in older age groups
• Health – underpins labour market capacity
• Health research – disease/disability/burden on health system
• Work-related research – skills training and workplace
management
• Need for more research on the health/work
5. Project Overview
• ‘Australia’s Baby Boomer Generation: Obesity and Work –
Patterns, Causes and Implications’
• Key objective – explore interactions between health and work
• Aim – provide a health perspective for work-related policies
on older workers
• Baby boomers
– A distinct policy group
– Amplify the effects of population ageing
– Significant impact as they exit the workforce
• Today’s presentation – preliminary exploration of data
6. Methods
Labour Participation Data - Census data 1981 and 2006; ABS Labour Force
Surveys
Health & Work Data - North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS)
(n=4060)
8. Data and Study Population
Labour Participation Data - Census data 1981 and 2006; ABS Labour Force Surveys
Health & Work Data - North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS) (n=4060)
Sample - Baby Boomers born 1946-1965 drawn from the NWAHS
NWAHS Data - Stage 1, 1999-2002; Stage 2, 2004-06; Stage 3, 2010
Stage 2, 2004-06 (n=1195)
Baby Boomer Work Project, 2011 (BBs n=874; Gen X n=768)
Analyses
• By all baby boomers
• By gender
• By older (1946-55) and younger (1956-65) baby boomers
Data
• Chronic conditions – clinic and self report
• Social data and self-rated health - Self reported
9.
10. Trends in Participation of Older Workers
Age Groups: 55-59; 60-64; 65+
100
90
80
70
Percentage %
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
May-70 Jun-99 Jan-06 Jul-10 May-70 Jun-99 Jan-06 Jul-10
Males Females
55-59 60-64 65+
Source: ABS Labour Force Surveys
12. Employment Status
Baby Boomers 1946-1965
Full time
Part time
Retired
Casual
Home Duties
Unable to work
Unemployed
Volunteering
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Percentage %
Source: NWAHS TFU Survey 2 (CATI), 2007
13. Factors Influencing Labour
Participation in Older Workers
• Age discrimination
• Lack of access to re-training
• Personal commitments
• Financial security
• Desire for more leisure
• Low education levels
14. Education by Age Cohort and Gender in
Baby Boomers 1946-55 and 1956-65
Left school at 15 years
25
20.2%
20
Percentage %
13.7%
15
10 8.8 %
5.4%
5
0
1946-55 1956-65 1946-55 1956-65
Males Females
Source: NWAHS Stage 2, 2004-06
15. Employment Status
Females by Age Cohort and Education Level – NWAHS
Baby Boomers 1946-55 and 1956-65
70
60
50
Percentage %
40
30
20
10
0
1946-55 1956-65 1946-55 1956-65 1946-55 1956-65
Secondary Certificate/Diploma Tertiary
Full-time Part-time/casual Home Duties
Note: Retired, unemployed and ‘other’ categories excluded.
Source: NWAHS Stage 2, 2004-06
16. Employment Status
Females by Education Level – Census
Baby Boomers - 1946-55 and 1956-65
60
50
40
Percentage %
30
20
10
0
1946-55 1956-65 1946-55 1956-65 1946-55 1956-65
Secondary Certificate/Diploma Tertiary
Full-time Part-time/casual Home Duties
Source: ABS 2006 Census (Australia) (ABS 2006c)
17.
18. Employment by Self-Rated Health
Baby Boomers 1946-1965
Full-time: 56.3% **
Part-time: 16.6%
Home Duties: 5.3%
Casual: 7.3%
Unemployed: 2.6%
Retired: 7.5% *
Unable to work: 4.1% **
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Good-Excellent SR Health Poor-Fair SR Health
*p<.05; **p<.001
Source: NWAHS TFU Survey 2 (CATI), 2007
19. Labour Participation and Self-Rated Health by Age Cohort
Baby Boomers - 1946-55 and 1956-65
100
90
80
70
Percen tage %
60
50 **
40
30
20 **
10
0
In labour force Not in labour In labour force Not in labour
force force
1946 1956
Good-Excellent SR Health Fair-Poor SR Health
1In the labour force=f/time, p/time, casual, unemployed; 2 Not in the labour force=retired, home duties, unable to work
**p<.001
Source: NWAHS TFU Survey 2 (CATI), 2007
20. Percentage of Each Employment Category with
Selected Chronic Conditions
Baby Boomers 1946-64
45
40
35
30
Percentage %
25
20
15
10
5
0
% of sample Full-time Casual Un- Retired Unable to
with CC employed work
Arthritis Depression COPD Diabetes Cardio
Source: NWAHS Stage 2, 2004-06; NWAHS TFU Survey 2 (CATI), 2007
21. Odds Ratios for Reporting Not In the Labour Force
by Chronic Condition and Age Cohort
Baby Boomers - 1946-55 and 1956-65
45
40
*
35
2.1
30
Percentage %
25
20
*
15 2.4 **
* 5.4 *
10 2.2 * 3.3
5 2.6
0
ILF NILF ILF NILF
1946-55 1956-65
Arthritis Depress Diabetes COPD
*p<.05;
Source: NWAHS TFU Survey 2 (CATI), 2007
22. Odds Ratios for Reporting Not in the Labour
Force by Chronic Condition and Gender
Baby Boomers 1946-1965
40
35
**
30 3.1 *
2.0
Percentage %
25
20 *
2.8
14.4%
15
* **
10 8.8% 3.7 4.4
*
*
5 2.8 2.7
0
ILF NILF ILF NILF
Males Females
Arthritis Depress Diabetes COPD
*p<.05; **p<.001
Source: NWAHS TFU Survey 2 (CATI), 2007
25. Self-Rated Health and Job Strain
Baby Boomers - 1946-1965
90
80
70
60
Percentage %
50
40
**
30
20
10
0
Low Strain Active Job Passive Job High Strain
Good-Ex SRH Poor-Fair SRH
**p<.001
Source: NWAHS Work Data (CATI), 2011
26. Job Satisfaction and Self-Rated Health
Baby Boomers 1946-1965
90
*
80
70
60
Percentage %
50
40 *
30
20
10
0
Dissatisfied/Very Dissatisfied Not Sure Satisfied/Very Satisfied
Good-Ex SRH Poor-Fair SRH
*p<.05;
Source: NWAHS Work Data (CATI), 2011
27. Flexibility and Job Satisfaction
Baby Boomers - 1946-1965
100
90
80
70
Percentage %
60
50
40
30
20
10 *
0
High Flexibility Partial Flexibility No flexibility
Satisfied Not sure Dissatisfied
**p<.05
Source: NWAHS Work Data (CATI), 2011
28. Variability and Job Satisfaction
Baby Boomers - 1946-1965
90
80
70
60
Percentage %
50
40
30
20
^
10
0
No Variability Partial Variability High Variability
Satisfied Not sure Dissatisfied
^ p=<.1
Source: NWAHS Work Data (CATI), 2011
29.
30. Satisfaction with Work-Life Balance
by Self-Rated Health
Baby Boomers - 1946-1965
100
**
90
80
70
Percentage %
60
**
50
**
40
30
20
10
0
Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very Satisfied
Good-Excellent SRH Poor-Fair SRH
*p<.001;
Source: NWAHS Work Data (CATI), 2011
31.
32. Co-worker Support in the Workplace –
‘People I work with are helpful in getting the job done’
Baby Boomers 1946-1965
90
**
80
70
60
Percentage %
50
40
30
20
10
0
Disagree/Strongly Disagree Agree/Strongly Agree
Good-Ex SRH Poor-Fair SRH
*p<.001;
Source: NWAHS Work Data (CATI), 2011
33. Workplace Support for Healthy Behaviours
by Self Rated Health
Baby Boomers - 1946-1965
90
80
70
60
Percentage %
50
40
30
20
10
0
A lot Some Not at all
Good-Ex SRH Poor-Fair SRH
Source: NWAHS Work Data (CATI), 2011
34. Future Research
• Interface between depression and employment
status
• Workforce exit decisions of older workers with
chronic conditions
• Workplace Interventions to facilitate better
health
35. Implications for Policy
• Impact of poor health on workforce exits
– 44% of older boomers with poor SRH NILF = 9.9% of
this sub-cohort
– 18.2% of younger boomers with poor/fair SRH NILF
= 3.4% of this sub-cohort
• Primary and secondary prevention strategies
• Workplace policies and culture
• Labour market conditions
36.
37. Contact Details and Acknowledgments
Acknowledgements
This project was funded by an Australian Council
Research Linkage Grant
Contact Details
Jennifer Buckley
Email: jennifer.buckley@adelaide.edu.au
