1. Perfekt
talar om vad som har hänt
have/has + perfekt particip av huvudverbet
walked
run
gone
forgotten
known
I have known about this for a long time.
She has gone out for a run.
Have you forgotten that you were supposed to bring an apple for the teacher today?

2. I talspråk (och ibland skriftspråk)
!
have = ’ve !
has = ’s
I’ve known about this for a long time.
She’s gone out for a run.

3. Pluskvamperfekt
talar om vad som hade hänt
had + perfekt particip av huvudverbet
walked
run
gone
forgotten
known
I had known about it for so long before she told anyone else.
She had gone out for a run and felt exhausted when she got back.

4. I talspråk (och ibland skriftspråk)
!
had = ’d
I’d known about it for so long before she told anyone else.
She’d gone out for a run and felt exhausted when she got back.