Pigeonpea research initiatives in the Philippines

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Cowpea is the second most important legume crop in tropical Africa. About 80% of the world’s production is in Africa with Nigeria being the leading producer. Cowpea is an important food for humans and provides feed, forage, hay and silage for livestock and green manure and cover crops. The dry seeds may be ground into meal or flour which is used in a number of ways. The fresh seeds and immature pods are eaten as vegetables. The young shoots and leaves are eaten as spinach.

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Pigeonpea is a protein-rich food legume that plays a crucial role in the food and nutritional security of smallholder farmers in the semi-arid regions of Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa. Photoperiod and temperature sensitivity of pigeonpea has restricted its expansion to wider latitudes and altitudes. Due to longer maturity duration the existing varieties are not suitable for diverse cropping systems and agro-ecologies. But this need not be the case anymore.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop, cultivated in semi-arid and warm temperate zones. It is rich in protein so, one of the most important ingredients of human as well as animal feed. It is grown over 50 countries and traded across 140 countries of the world. The advancement in the development in the genomic resource it made the chickpea enable to adapt the biotic and abiotic stresses. We can create the genetic variability through conventional and non-conventional breeding methods because it is the basic key for breeder. The modern tools of biotechnology and genomic technology in chickpea will improved the breeding program of chickpea and decrease the time to develop new cultivars. However, the efforts have already been directed towards the chickpea improvement by the utilization of the genomics and biotechnological tools. Use of these techniques is expected to be very important in future breeding program. This review covered the genomics perspective of chickpea, constrains and future directions. https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000567.php For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/

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This book describes the importance of the oat crop to sustainable farming and the pivotal role that oat breeders have in this. It describes the outcomes from the author’s contribution to the oat breeding program run by the New South Wales (NSW) Department of Agriculture from 1957 to 1974, including oat line and variety breeding and testing. The book covers the development of high yielding, dual-purpose grazing and grain oat varieties, and the methods used to breed and test these varieties, including trial results up to the present day. Some of this work was published in 1961, 1965, 1966, 1992 and in 2003. Chapter One introduce the role that oats play as an important role in human and livestock nutrition, and as such, an understanding of the genetics of oats is significant in world agriculture and economics. Oats provides grain for humans and livestock, a grazing or forage crop for livestock, as well as the ability to provide combined grazing and grain production. While the significance of the oat grain in benefiting human health has received considerable attention in the past decade, relatively little attention has been given to this important attribute of combined grazing, grain production and total crop value in the research and extension literature. This reflects a lack of awareness of the full potential of the oat crop. Based on the recent findings of FAO studies, the world supply of agricultural produce is meeting the demands of the current world population. The total world production of cereals increased at an annual rate of 1.45% over the period of 1981-1990, while total meat production increased at an annual rate of 2.87%. These trends suggest that increased cereal crop yields have allowed for an increase in the area available for pasture and hence livestock production. Improving the total quantity and quality of world pasture production is therefore becoming increasingly important for meeting the corresponding increases in global food demands. The oat crop has a sigficant role to play in this increase in pasture production. Chapter Two describes how oat breeding has led to the development of oat varieties for the 3 main climatic regions of Australia. These three climatic regions or zones also exist in the state of New South Wales (NSW). These three regions are as follows: The subtropical climate zone, also referred to as the summer rainfall zone, and also occurs on the coastal areas of Southern Queensland and Northern NSW (including Grafton, where a crown rust nursery is located). The uniform rainfall climate zone which covers the inland area of NSW from as north as Dubbo to Temora in southern NSW. The winter rainfall climate occurs south of Temora and includes the Australian states of Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia. An inventory of oat cultivars and their pedigrees is presented in relation to the climatic regions in which oats are grown in Australia.

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