Coherence: XTP Processing using SEDA
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ABSTRACT Modern telco billing processing systems face huge challenges in the search to move from mostly offline, or batch, processing of billing events to handling huge volumes of events in near-real time. The challenges for an architect of such a system are: how to handle the high throughput processing of near real-time events with low latency while maintaining strict transactional semantics and provide high availability and scalability of the service. We present our extreme transaction processing solution leveraging Oracle Coherence as an in-memory-data-grid (IMDG) which provides reliable messaging, data storage, and asynchronous write-back to RDBMS. The system follows the staged event driven architecture (SEDA) design pattern providing for a flexible and manageable design that is both highly available and scalable. We discuss lessons learned during performance tuning and profiling plus best practices that are applicable for any Coherence user. OUTLINE 0. Agenda 1. Extreme Transaction Processing systems 2. Discuss Billing Event processing as XTP 3. What are the approaches a. RDBMS, RDBMS + SSD b. In Memory DB (Oracle x10) c. RDBMS + Caching d. IMDG 4. Leverage IMDG using a SEDA Architecture a. Specifics of architecture 5. Performance and tuning a. Profiling tools that we built b. What bottlenecks 6. Lessons learned - best practices a. Incubator libraries b. Locking a. Tips and tricks 7. Q&A
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Coherence: XTP Processing using SEDA
- 1. Coherence: XTP Processing using SEDA Taylor Gautier Principal Client Architect, Grid Dynamics January 14, 2010 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 2. About me... • Currently • Principal Client Architect - Grid Dynamics • Past • Terracotta - Java clustering software • Access - Telecomm Billing • Scale Eight - Petabyte scale web storage • Excite@Home - Millions of users Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 3. About me... • Currently • Principal Client Architect - Grid Dynamics • Past • Terracotta - Java clustering software ‣ Java enthusiast since 1996 • Access - Telecomm Billing • Scale Eight - Petabyte scale web storage • Excite@Home - Millions of users Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 4. About me... • Currently • Principal Client Architect - Grid Dynamics • Past • Terracotta - Java clustering software ‣ Java enthusiast since 1996 • Access - Telecomm Billing ‣ Mission Critical • Scale Eight - Petabyte scale web storage • Excite@Home - Millions of users Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 5. About me... • Currently • Principal Client Architect - Grid Dynamics • Past • Terracotta - Java clustering software ‣ Java enthusiast since 1996 • Access - Telecomm Billing ‣ Mission Critical ‣ Scalable Systems • Scale Eight - Petabyte scale web storage • Excite@Home - Millions of users Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 6. Agenda Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 7. Agenda • Discuss the challenge - XTP Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 8. Agenda • Discuss the challenge - XTP • Introduction to SEDA Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 9. Agenda • Discuss the challenge - XTP • Introduction to SEDA • Project Battery Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 10. Agenda • Discuss the challenge - XTP • Introduction to SEDA • Project Battery • Results and Best Practices Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 11. What’s the challenge? Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 12. XTP Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 13. XTP 1000+ TPS Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 14. XTP 1000+ TPS 35-50ms Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 15. XTP 1000+ TPS 35-50ms 99.9% - 99.999% Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 16. XTP 1000+ TPS 35-50ms 99.9% - 99.999% Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 17. XTP 1000+ TPS • High Throughput 35-50ms 99.9% - 99.999% Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 18. XTP 1000+ TPS • High Throughput 35-50ms • Low-latency 99.9% - 99.999% Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 19. XTP 1000+ TPS • High Throughput 35-50ms • Low-latency 99.9% - 99.999% • Reliable Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 20. XTP 1000+ TPS • High Throughput 35-50ms • Low-latency 99.9% - 99.999% • Reliable • Transactional Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 21. Use Case - Telco Billing Billing System Payment Telecommunication services system Events Events Service Payments provided logs User data Tariffing of services Billing rules Balance management Balance Users CRM Service enable/ Rules disable Balance data Balance ... Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 22. Why is billing hard? Billing engine • 20 million users Events Balance management Events • 10^9 Objects (counters) Tariffing Write-off • payment 1000 events/sec • 50 ms latency Queries Balance Batches SCALE!! Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 23. Traditional Approaches... Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 24. RDBMS • Pros • Mainstream technology • Well understood programming model • Cons • Expensive • Doesn’t scale horizontally Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 25. RDBMS + SSD • Pros • Same as RDBMS... • Speed up processing • Cons • Only improves performance, not scale Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 26. Dedicated Hardware • Pros • Can speed up performance • Often programming model is same • Cons • Expensive to scale • Difficult to provide H/A Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 27. In-memory database • Pros • Mature programming model • Excellent latency • Cons • Does not scale horizontally • System capacity limited Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 28. What about IMDG? as yn c RDBMS Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 29. IMDG • Pros • Low-latency • Horizontal scale • Built-in load balancing • Lower cost model • Cons • Programming model affected Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 30. What’s the challenge with the programming model? Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 31. Complex event processing Event driven model One event may trigger another event, which triggers another and so on in a cascade. Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 32. First, some history... Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 33. Scale Eight (2000) • Web based delivery of media files • Basically Amazon S3 • Total system capacity - several petabytes • On-site appliance for local read/write Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 34. On-site appliance Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 35. On-site appliance • Local cache of remote data Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 36. On-site appliance • Local cache of remote data • Exported NAS as either NFS or SMB Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 37. On-site appliance • Local cache of remote data • Exported NAS as either NFS or SMB • Version 1 - C++ Synchronous Threaded Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 38. On-site appliance • Local cache of remote data • Exported NAS as either NFS or SMB • Version 1 - C++ Synchronous Threaded • Version 2 - C++ Asynchronous Event-based Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 39. Lessons Learned Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 40. Lessons Learned Threaded Application Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 41. Lessons Learned Threaded Application • Linear worfklows easy Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 42. Lessons Learned Threaded Application • Linear worfklows easy • Branching worfklows hard Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 43. Lessons Learned Threaded Application • Linear worfklows easy • Branching worfklows hard • Locking is hard Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 44. Lessons Learned Threaded Application • Linear worfklows easy • Branching worfklows hard • Locking is hard • Context switching kills performance Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 45. Lessons Learned Threaded Application • Linear worfklows easy • Branching worfklows hard • Locking is hard • Context switching kills performance • Complexity means large code base is unmaintainable Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 46. Lessons Learned Threaded Application • Linear worfklows easy • Branching worfklows hard • Locking is hard • Context switching kills performance • Complexity means large code base is unmaintainable • Only experts can do it right Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 47. Lessons Learned Threaded Application Event Based Application • Linear worfklows easy • Branching worfklows hard • Locking is hard • Context switching kills performance • Complexity means large code base is unmaintainable • Only experts can do it right Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 48. Lessons Learned Threaded Application Event Based Application • Linear worfklows easy • Linear workflows complex • Branching worfklows hard • Locking is hard • Context switching kills performance • Complexity means large code base is unmaintainable • Only experts can do it right Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 49. Lessons Learned Threaded Application Event Based Application • Linear worfklows easy • Linear workflows complex • Branching worfklows hard • Branching workflows easy(ier) • Locking is hard • Context switching kills performance • Complexity means large code base is unmaintainable • Only experts can do it right Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 50. Lessons Learned Threaded Application Event Based Application • Linear worfklows easy • Linear workflows complex • Branching worfklows hard • Branching workflows easy(ier) • Locking is hard • Locking is easy • Context switching kills performance • Complexity means large code base is unmaintainable • Only experts can do it right Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 51. Lessons Learned Threaded Application Event Based Application • Linear worfklows easy • Linear workflows complex • Branching worfklows hard • Branching workflows easy(ier) • Locking is hard • Locking is easy • Context switching kills • Easy to max 1 CPU, hard to max performance many • Complexity means large code base is unmaintainable • Only experts can do it right Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 52. Lessons Learned Threaded Application Event Based Application • Linear worfklows easy • Linear workflows complex • Branching worfklows hard • Branching workflows easy(ier) • Locking is hard • Locking is easy • Context switching kills • Easy to max 1 CPU, hard to max performance many • Complexity means large code • Complexity means large code base is unmaintainable base is unmaintainable • Only experts can do it right Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 53. Lessons Learned Threaded Application Event Based Application • Linear worfklows easy • Linear workflows complex • Branching worfklows hard • Branching workflows easy(ier) • Locking is hard • Locking is easy • Context switching kills • Easy to max 1 CPU, hard to max performance many • Complexity means large code • Complexity means large code base is unmaintainable base is unmaintainable • Only experts can do it right • Only experts can do it right Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 54. What we need is something in between... Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 55. Introducing SEDA... Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 56. Introducing SEDA... • Staged Event Driven Architecture Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 57. Introducing SEDA... • Staged Event Driven Architecture • Introduced by Matt Welsh in 2002 as a research paper Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 58. Introducing SEDA... • Staged Event Driven Architecture • Introduced by Matt Welsh in 2002 as a research paper • Blends threaded and event based models Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 59. Introducing SEDA... • Staged Event Driven Architecture • Introduced by Matt Welsh in 2002 as a research paper • Blends threaded and event based models • Stages are completely independent and are threaded Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 60. Introducing SEDA... • Staged Event Driven Architecture • Introduced by Matt Welsh in 2002 as a research paper • Blends threaded and event based models • Stages are completely independent and are threaded • Stages are connected via queues Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 61. Introducing SEDA... • Staged Event Driven Architecture • Introduced by Matt Welsh in 2002 as a research paper • Blends threaded and event based models • Stages are completely independent and are threaded • Stages are connected via queues • Code branches occurs between stages Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 62. SEDA Examples Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 63. SEDA Examples 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 64. SEDA Examples 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 II Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 65. SEDA Examples 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 II Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 III Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 66. SEDA Examples 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 II Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 III Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 67. SEDA Examples 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 II Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 III Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 68. SEDA Benefits Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 69. SEDA Benefits • Easy to design Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 70. SEDA Benefits • Easy to design • Easy to understand Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 71. SEDA Benefits • Easy to design • Easy to understand • Easy to test Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 72. SEDA Benefits • Easy to design • Easy to understand • Easy to test • Easy to reuse Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 73. SEDA Benefits • Easy to design • Easy to understand • Easy to test • Easy to reuse • Event-driven architecture, synchronous programming model Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 74. SEDA Benefits • Easy to design • Easy to understand • Easy to test • Easy to reuse • Event-driven architecture, synchronous programming model • Easy to scale Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 75. Distributed SEDA Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 76. Distributed SEDA Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 77. Distributed SEDA Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 78. Distributed SEDA Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 79. Distributed SEDA Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 80. Distributed SEDA Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 81. Distributed SEDA Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 82. Distributed SEDA Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 83. Project overview... Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 84. Distributed SEDA BUSINESS BUSINESS BUSINESS BUSINESS LOGIC LOGIC LOGIC LOGIC DISTRIBUTED SEDA FRAMEWORK COHERENCE Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 85. Components... Generic processing unit, base Generic for all hierarchy Consumes inbound message Transformer and produces outbound message Routes inbound message to one of several outbound Router queues Duplicates inbound message to Fork several outbound queues Consumes several inbound Junction messages and produces outbound message. Synchronization point Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 86. Now model Billing Processing as Network Inbound event Outbound event Search for relevant Write-off check counters Tariffing Rules processing Asynchronous Changes fixation RDBMS replication Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 87. And scale it out... Horizontal Scaling Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 88. How to implement it in Coherence... Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 89. What do we need? Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 90. What do we need? ✓ Reliable data-storage Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 91. What do we need? ✓ Reliable data-storage ✓ Reliable queue Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 92. What do we need? ✓ Reliable data-storage ✓ Reliable queue ✓ Route work to the data Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 93. What do we need? ✓ Reliable data-storage ✓ Reliable queue ✓ Route work to the data ✓ RDBMS connectivity Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 94. Physical Architecture Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 95. Results... Data Scalability Hardware Scalability 2000 2000 1800 1800 1600 1600 Events/second Events/second 1400 1400 1200 1200 1000 1000 800 800 600 600 400 400 200 200 0 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 Users (millions) Servers Server Characteristics: CPU 2.5GHZ Quad Core RAM 32 GB Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 96. Best Practices • Always measure and fine-tune • Lock granularity - balance coarse vs. fine • Ordered locking - eliminate deadlocks • Optimistic locking - Detect conflicts on commit • Batching - speed up async write to DB • Incubator patterns Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 97. Queue Pattern • Initial results - ~200 msg/s • Custom version - ~5,000 msg/s • Latest incubator - ~5,000 msg/s Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 98. Conclusion • Demonstrated 5-10x faster than competing solutions • Highly flexible and scalable solution • Currently in acceptance testing Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics
- 99. Questions? Copyright 2010 Grid Dynamics