2. Curtis Kasefang, Theatre Consultants
Collaborative, LLC
Steven Cullipher, LEED AP, Systems Division
Manager, Barbizon Lighting Company
Mark London, Lighting Design Group
Bryan Raven, Managing Director, White Light
Ltd.
3. White Light
&
The Environment
A Case Study – an update
All rights reserved – enquires regarding the content of this document should be
directed to the Managing Director, White Light Ltd, 20 Merton Industrial Park,
Jubilee Way, Wimbledon, London SW19 3WL Tel: 020 8254 4800 Fax: 020 8254
4801. Info@WhiteLight.Ltd.uk www.WhiteLight.Ltd.uk
4. White Light
White Light is one of UK’s premier
lighting supply companies with a wide
range of experience from all areas of the
industry:
- Theatre
- Corporate Presentations
- Events
- Education
• Annual turnover in excess of £18M
8. White Light & The Environment
• Our equipment uses a lot of electricity
for the purposes of “entertainment”
• That doesn't mean we can’t make sure
we are as green as we can be as a
company
• We can also encourage others to
follow us
9. Why did we start down this route?
• Demand from Corporate clients
• Even bigger demand from our staff!
• But until the last couple of there was
little or no demand from theatre or
suppliers
10. Treating WL as Three Separate Projects
• Improving our own business
• Encouraging our suppliers to improve
• Encouraging our customers to improve
11. Improving White Light
How have we done (for the Company)?
• Increased awareness throughout the
company
• More bins….including a compactor – this
has reduced our land fill from 1500m3 to
100m3
• Replaced our urinals – saving 300,000 litres
of water per year
• Published a Green Lighting guide for our
customers
12. Improving our suppliers
• “Industry related” i.e. trade suppliers
• Non industry related i.e. utilities,
stationery suppliers, transport companies
• Not a huge success on the trade
suppliers….probably because of the
current climate. But non industry suppliers
have been a lot more forthcoming
13. Improving our suppliers
• Whilst we have no figures to prove this we
believe that it is the manufacturing side of
the industry where our biggest impact is.
• More study is needed but, for example,
90% of the carbon footprint of a lap top is
done before we open the box. It is
probably a similar story with moving lights
14.
15.
16. Improving our customers
• This is a lot harder as we don’t want to
appear to be ”preaching” to our
customers
• However we did decide to collate all
the ideas that are around in to a Guide
to “Green Lighting”
• For the purposes of this presentation
‘color’ is spelt ‘colour’ and templates
are ‘gobos’ and we work in theatres not
theaters!
17. Big Switch off
• National Theatre has managed to save 28
hours per week of use of their discharge
moving lights by switching off the rig when
not in use
• If you add up all the discharge moving lights
in the West End it is over 1MW
18. Tungsten
• Remember - it is not a bad thing!
• We have already reduced from 2000w
to 1200w, & 575w by using the modern
lamps
• We only use electricity when you need
it….unlike discharge sources
20. London Theatre’s Carbon Footprint
Extrerior lighting, 2%
Production materials,
5%
Pre Production
Management, 5%
Overnight lighting & Theatre Front of House
heating, 6% heating & cooling
(daytime & evening),
35%
Stage Electrics (lighting,
sound & stage), 9%
Theatre offices & back
of house heating &
cooling, 10%
Rehearsal Space
(heating & cooling),
28%
21. The Green Guide
• We wrote this guide to try and collate
the information we had learned from
going through this process
• We don’t claim it to be comprehensive
and would welcome feedback and
improvements
23. Planning the Show
Schedule meetings efficiently
Use public transport
Minimise printing
Make sure everyone is doing “their bit”
24. Designing the Show
Do I need extra lights?
Would newer lights be more efficient?
Where are the lights coming from?
Are there lower power equivalents?
Do I need discharge lights?
Can we use gobos & colour from stock?
Have I got the information to everyone in
time?
26. Getting the Show on
Have you ordered everything you
need?
Can you save transport costs by
combining collections & deliveries
Do you need the dock door open all
day?
Is PVC the best way of attaching
cables to the bars?
27. Show running
Turn off the moving lights!
Do you need the smoke machines to
be on all day?
Does every light actually do anything?
28. After the show is over
Keep the scrolls, colour & gobos for
future shows
Do you need the dock door open all
night?
Are you re-cycling the set?
29. Touring
Do you need to tour equipment or can
you pick it up locally?
Do you need all that extra cable?
Have you ordered the physically
smallest kit available to minimise truck
requirements?
30. At the Production Table
Recycle paper using the blue bins
Use recycled paper
Printing double sided and/or two pages to a page
wherever possible
NOT printing out e mails or other documents
unless necessary
Use mains water dispensers (not bottles)
Recycle printer cartridges
Paper free meetings
31. Other Things: Equipment Use:
Collect used batteries & lamps from West End
theatres and venues & recycle
Act as a collection point for discharge lamps
(WEE directive)
Re-use suppliers packaging and palettes for our
own products
Use equipment until the very end of its “life”
Use time switches to switch off printers &
coffee machines when not in use
Turn off our PC and monitors every night
Switch off radios, fans, lights when not needed
32. Around the building
Check the thermostats!
Changeover lighting to LED or CFLs in
FOH & back of house applications
Time switches on things like coffee
machines?
33.
34. And finally
Where do we look for more information or ideas?
• PLASA will be launching their website soon
• London Climate Change plan to be launched soon
• Visit Carbon Trust & Envirowise websites
• Visit Arcola’s website
• Read “Hot Topic” by Gabrielle Walker and David King
• Visit www.WhiteLight.Ltd.uk/environment
35. One more thing…..
• There is a lot of rubbish talked about
Climate Change – so keep an open mind
• Beware the PR “machine” or “green wash”
• For every action there is a reaction – make
sure it is a good one
• But doing nothing is NOT an option
• This issue “transcends competition” so we
should share the information
36. White Light
Thank you
All rights reserved – enquires regarding the content of this document should be
directed to the Managing Director, White Light Ltd, 20 Merton Industrial Park,
Jubilee Way, Wimbledon, London SW19 3WL Tel: 020 8254 4800 Fax: 020 8254
4801. Info@WhiteLight.Ltd.uk www.WhiteLight.Ltd.uk
38. Strip Lights
LED Incandescent Incandescent
Type Vivid R ETC Altman Ground Cyc Par 38 Strip
Power Consumption 750 w 6000w 3600w
Brightness At Full 351fc at 15’ 108 fc at 15’ 124 at 15’
Brightness at R80 33 fc at 15’ ≈9.72 fc at 15’ ≈11.6 fc at 15’
Initial Cost $5,000.00 $1,450.00 $327.95
Theatre
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $123/ 5yr $615 1yr $1368/ 5yr $6840 1yr $826/ 5yr $4130
(Electricity at 3hrs a day+ lamp
replacement, not including labor)
TV
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $410/ 5yr$2050 1 yr $4529/ 5 yr $22645 1 yr $2,441/ 5yr $12,205
(Electricity at 10hrs a day+ lamp
replacement, not including labor)
39. Strip Lights
LED Incandescent Incandescent
Type Vivid R ETC Altman Ground Cyc Par 38 Strip
Power Consumption 750 w 6000w 3600w
Brightness At Full 351fc at 15’ 108 fc at 15’ 124 at 15’
Brightness at R80 33 fc at 15’ ≈9.72 fc at 15’ ≈11.6 fc at 15’
Initial Cost $5,000.00 $1,450.00 $327.95
Theatre
1yr $123/ 5yr $615 1yr $1368/ 5yr $6840 1yr $826/ 5yr $4130
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
TV
1yr $410/ 5yr$2050 1 yr $4529/ 5 yr $22645 1 yr $2,441/ 5yr $12,205
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
Pros
1 Cool Operation Everyone has one Everyone has one
2 7 Colors/Color Mixing Serviceable Parts Serviceable Parts
3 Long Lamp Life / Very Works w/ Existing Dim Works w/ Existing
low Maintenance / No System Dim System
Gel to cut
4 No Color Shift
5 Quick Color Change
40. Strip Lights
LED Incandescent Incandescent
Type Vivid R ETC Altman Ground Cyc Par 38 Strip
Power Consumption 750 w 6000w 3600w
Brightness At Full 351fc at 15’ 108 fc at 15’ 124 at 15’
Brightness at R80 33 fc at 15’ ≈9.72 fc at 15’ ≈11.6 fc at 15’
Initial Cost $5,000.00 $1,450.00 $327.95
Theatre
1yr $123/ 5yr $615 1yr $1368/ 5yr $6840 1yr $826/ 5yr $4130
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
TV
1yr $410/ 5yr$2050 1 yr $4529/ 5 yr $22645 1 yr $2,441/ 5yr $12,205
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
Cons
1 Circuit Boards/ Power High Power/ Heat High Power/ Heat
Supply/ Fans
2 Price Short Lamp Life Short Lamp Life
3 Possible Fan Noise 3 Colors 3 to 4 Colors
4 Choice of RGB Vs. multi Color Shift While Color Shift While
color affects intensity Dimming Dimming
5 Possible filament noise Possible filament noise
or blow out or blow out
41. GMA
Josh Grobin Concert in Bryant Park 2008
LD Denis Size
Dick Clark's Rocking New Years Eve 2008
LD Michael E. Steinberg
42. Par
LED Incandescent Incandescent
Type Pixel Par RGBA Source 4 Par Par 64 MFL
Power Consumption 96w 575w 1000 w
Brightness At Full 179.9 fc at 16’ 477 fc at 25’ 450 fc at 20’
Brightness at R80 ≈100.8 fc at 16’ ≈42.93 fc at 25’ ≈40.5 fc at 20’
Initial Cost $2,958.00 $220.00 $70.00
Theatre
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $15/ 5yr $75 1yr $194/ 5yr $970 1yr $311/ 5yr $1,555
(Electricity at 3hrs a day+ lamp
replacement, not including labor)
TV
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1 yr $639/ 5 yr $3,195 1yr $1037/ 5yr $5,185
(Electricity at 10hrs a day+ lamp
replacement, not including labor)
43. Par
LED Incandescent Incandescent
Type Pixel Par RGBA Source 4 Par Par 64 MFL
Power Consumption 96w 575w 1000 w
Brightness At Full 179.9 fc at 16’ 477 fc at 25’ 450 fc at 20’
Brightness at R80 ≈100.8 fc at 16’ ≈42.93 fc at 25’ ≈40.5 fc at 20’
Initial Cost $2,958.00 $220.00 $70.00
Theatre
1yr $15/ 5yr $75 1yr $194/ 5yr $970 1yr $311/ 5yr $1555
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
TV
1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1 yr $639/ 5 yr $3195 1yr $1037/ 5yr $5185
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
Pros
1 Cool Operation Everyone has one Everyone has one
2 Variable Color Serviceable Parts Serviceable Parts
3 Long Lamp Life Works w/ Existing Dim Works w/ Existing Dim
System System
4 No Color Shift
5 Quick Color Change
44. Par
LED Incandescent Incandescent
Type Pixel Par RGBA Source 4 Par Par 64 MFL
Power Consumption 96w 575w 1000 w
Brightness At Full 179.9 fc at 16’ 477 fc at 25’ 450 fc at 20’
Brightness at R80 ≈100.8 fc at 16’ ≈42.93 fc at 25’ ≈40.5 fc at 20’
Initial Cost $2,958.00 $220.00 $70.00
Theatre
1yr $15/ 5yr $75 1yr $194/ 5yr $970 1yr $311/ 5yr $1555
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
TV
1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1 yr $639/ 5 yr $3195 1yr $1037/ 5yr $5185
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
Cons
1 Circuit Boards/ Power High Power/ Heat High Power/ Heat
Supply/ Fans
2 Price Short Lamp Life Short Lamp Life
3 Possible Fan Noise 1 Color 1 Color
4 No True "White" Color Shift While Color Shift While
Dimming Dimming
5 Must choose between Possible filament noise Possible filament noise
white or color for intensity or blow out or blow out
45. WNYC Green Studio 2009
System Designed by Mark London and Michael E. Steinberg
LD Michael E. Steinberg
46. Fresnel
LED HMI Incandescent
Type Prism Projection LED Arri 575w HMI Arri ST1 Studio 1K
Fresnel
Power Consumption 250 w 575 w 1000 w
Brightness At Full 297.94 fc at 16’ 1211 fc at 15’ 741 fc at 15'
Brightness at CC ≈297.94 fc at 16’ ≈With CTO 650.18 fc at 15’ ≈With CTB 266.76 fc at 15’
Initial Cost $4893.5045 $1,924.95 $558.50
Theatre
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $41/ 5yr $205 1yr $426/ 5yr $2,130 1yr $414/ 5yr $2,070
(Electricity at 3hrs a day+ lamp
replacement, not including labor)
TV
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $136/ 5yr $680 1yr $994/ 5yr $4,970 1yr $1,146/ 5yr $5,730
(Electricity at 10hrs a day+ lamp
replacement, not including labor)
47. Fresnel
LED HMI Incandescent
Type Prism Projection LED Fresnel Arri 575w HMI Arri ST1 Studio 1K
Power Consumption 250 w 575 w 1000 w
Brightness At Full 297.94 fc at 16’ 1211 fc at 15’ 741 fc at 15'
Brightness at CC ≈297.94 fc at 16’ ≈With CTO 650.18 fc at 15’ ≈With CTB 266.76 fc at 15’
Initial Cost $4893.5045 $1,924.95 $558.50
Theatre
1yr $41/ 5yr $205 1yr $426/ 5yr $2,130 1yr $414/ 5yr $2,070
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
TV
1yr $136/ 5yr $680 1yr $994/ 5yr $4,970 1yr $1,146/ 5yr $5,730
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
Pros
1 Cool to the touch High Output Everyone has one
2 Variable white output Naturally Matches Serviceable parts
Daylight
3 Long Lamp Life Works w/ Existing Dim
System
48. Fresnel
LED HMI Incandescent
Type Prism Projection LED Fresnel Arri 575w HMI Arri ST1 Studio 1K
Power Consumption 250 w 575 w 1000 w
Brightness At Full 297.94 fc at 16’ 1211 fc at 15’ 741 fc at 15'
Brightness at CC ≈297.94 fc at 16’ ≈With CTO 650.18 fc at 15’ ≈With CTB 266.76 fc at 15’
Initial Cost $4893.5045 $1,924.95 $558.50
Theatre
1yr $41/ 5yr $205 1yr $426/ 5yr $2,130 1yr $414/ 5yr $2,070
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
TV
1yr $136/ 5yr $680 1yr $994/ 5yr $4,970 1yr $1,146/ 5yr $5,730
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
Cons
1 Circuit Boards/ Power Hot Hot
Supply/ Fans
2 Price Expensive Lamp Short Lamp Life
Replacement cost
3 Possible Fan Noise Mechanical Dimming Single Color
4 Barn door cuts not Ballast / head cable Possible filament noise or
always effective required blow out
5 Requires Restrike after
power interruption
49. GMA Usher Concert at the Nokia Theatre 2010
Lighting Design by Niel Galen
50. Leko
LED Plasma Incandescent
Type LEDko 36 deg Sea Changer Plasma 36 deg Source 4 36 deg
Power Consumption 163 w 320 w 750 w
Brightness At Full 94 fc at 16' ≈484.8 fc at 15’ 404 fc at 15'
Brightness at R80 ≈26.7 fc at 16' ≈43.56 fc at 15’ ≈36.36 fc at 15'
Initial Cost $2,377.00 $1,792.00 plus ETC lens train $440.00
Theatre
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $26/ 5yr $130 1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1yr $223/ 5yr $1,115
(Electricity at 3hrs a day+ lamp
replacement, not including labor)
TV
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $89/ 5yr $445 1yr $175/ 5yr $875 1yr $735/ 5yr $3,675
(Electricity at 10hrs a day+ lamp
replacement, not including labor)
51. Leko
LED Plasma Incandescent
Type LEDko 36 deg Sea Changer Plasma 36 deg Source 4 36 deg
Power Consumption 163 w 320 w 750 w
Brightness At Full 94 fc at 16' ≈484.8 fc at 15’ 404 fc at 15'
Brightness at R80 ≈26.7 fc at 16' ≈43.56 fc at 15’ ≈36.36 fc at 15'
Initial Cost $2,377.00 $1,792.00 plus ETC lens train $440.00
Theatre
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $26/ 5yr $130 1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1yr $223/ 5yr $1,115
TV
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $89/ 5yr $445 1yr $175/ 5yr $875 1yr $735/ 5yr $3,675
Pros Instant color change
speed
1 Cool Operation High Output to Watts Everyone has one
2 3 Colors or Vari White 1sec Color Change Serviceable Parts
LED engine speed
3 Long Lamp Life / no Works w/ Existing Dim
color costs or lamp System
replacement
4 No Color Shift
52. Leko
LED Plasma Incandescent
Type LEDko 36 deg Sea Changer Plasma 36 deg Source 4 36 deg
Power Consumption 163 w 320 w 750 w
Brightness At Full 94 fc at 16' ≈484.8 fc at 15’ 404 fc at 15'
Brightness at R80 ≈26.7 fc at 16' ≈43.56 fc at 15’ ≈36.36 fc at 15'
Initial Cost $2,377.00 $1,792.00 plus ETC lens train $440.00
Theatre
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $26/ 5yr $130 1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1yr $223/ 5yr $1,115
TV
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $89/ 5yr $445 1yr $175/ 5yr $875 1yr $735/ 5yr $3,675
Cons
1 Circuit Boards/ Power Heat High Power/ Heat
Supply/ Fans
2 Price Bulk/weight Short Lamp Life
3 Possible Fan Noise Price 1 Color
4 Must choose between Color Shift While
white or color for intensity Dimming
5 Possible filament noise
or blow out
53. NTV Studio at Dogus Power Center Istanbul 2011
System Designed by Mark London and Michael E. Steinberg
Lighting Design by Niel Galen
54. Soft Light
LED Fluorescent Incandescent
Type Galaxia KLA 595S 105w Kino Parabeam 401 1K Zip Soft Light
Power Consumption 105W 220w 1000w
Brightness At Full 49.79 fc at 6’ 166 fc at 6’ 135 fc at 6’
Brightness at CC ≈49.79 fc at 6’ ≈166 fc at 6’ ≈With CTB 48.6 fc at 6’
Initial Cost $3,408.77 $1,449.95 $550.00
Theatre
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $17/ 5yr $85 1yr $36/ 5yr $180 1yr $209/ 5yr $1045
(Electricity at 3hrs a day+ lamp
replacement, not including labor)
TV
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $57/ 5yr $285 1yr $696/ 5yr $3,480
1yr $120/ 5yr $600
(Electricity at 10hrs a day+ lamp
replacement, not including labor)
55. Soft Light
LED Fluorescent Incandescent
Type Galaxia KLA 595S 105w Kino Parabeam 401 1K Zip Soft Light
Power Consumption 105W 220w 1000w
Brightness At Full 49.79 fc at 6’ 166 fc at 6’ 135 fc at 6’
Brightness at CC ≈49.79 fc at 6’ ≈166 fc at 6’ ≈With CTB 48.6 fc at 6’
Initial Cost $3,408.77 $1,449.95 $550.00
Theatre
1yr $17/ 5yr $85 1yr $36/ 5yr $180 1yr $209/ 5yr $1045
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
TV
1yr $57/ 5yr $285 1yr $120/ 5yr $600 1yr $696/ 5yr $3,480
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
Pros
1 Cool Operation Cool Operation Everyone has one
2 Variable white Long Lamp Life Serviceable Parts
3 Low maintenance / Lamp color choices Works w/ Existing Dim
narrow profile include 2900, 5600k as System
well as chromakey blue
and green
4 No Color Shift
56. Soft Light
LED Fluorescent Incandescent
Type Galaxia KLA 595S 105w Kino Parabeam 401 1K Zip Soft Light
Power Consumption 105W 220w 1000w
Brightness At Full 49.79 fc at 6’ 166 fc at 6’ 135 fc at 6’
Brightness at CC ≈49.79 fc at 6’ ≈166 fc at 6’ ≈With CTB 48.6 fc at 6’
Initial Cost $3,408.77 $1,449.95 $550.00
Theatre
1yr $17/ 5yr $85 1yr $36/ 5yr $180 1yr $209/ 5yr $1045
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
TV
1yr $57/ 5yr $285 1yr $120/ 5yr $600 1yr $696/ 5yr $3,480
Annual Cost/Duty Cycle
Cons
1 Circuit Boards/ Power Different Lamps for CC High Power/ Heat
Supply
2 Price Bulky Short Lamp Life
3 Does not dim to zero 1 Color
4 Price Color Shift While
Dimming
5 Ballasts need occasional Possible filament noise
replacement as well as or blow out
lamps
57. Bloomberg NY Newsroom Studio On Air in 2009 Reuter NY Studios On Air in 2008
System Designed by Mark London and Michael E. Steinberg System Designed by Mark London and Michael E. Steinberg
Lighting Design by Dan Kelley Lighting Design by Michael E. Steinberg
64. Changes in House Lighting
Power Limitations
Owner Efficiency Demands
LED’s provide easy efficiency
upgrades
65. Typical Performance
Lighting Systems
The Second primary lighting system
is the Stage Lighting System
Largely excluded from Energy
Codes
Performance and Budget
Parameters.
Embraced Sustainable Lighting
for it’s flexibility and efficiency.
66. Stage Lighting Systems
Stage Lighting System
Purposes:
Visibility
Locale
Composition
Mood
68. Types of Modern Dimming
Primary Dimmer Types:
Forward Phase Dimmers
Reverse Phase Dimmers
Sine Wave Dimmers
69. Phase Control Technology
Has existed since the early 1900’s.
Mainstreamed in the 1950’s with the
advent of the Silicon Controlled
Rectifier (SCR)
Chops parts of the sine wave out of
each power cycle.
74. Reverse Phase Dimming
Can be switched on and off easily
and slowly
Typically do not need inductors.
Remove power from the trailing end
of the power cycle.
More compatible with non-linear
loads (check with manufacturer).
78. Sine Wave Dimming
Uses IGBT Technology
Removes a large number of much
smaller portions of the sine wave.
Replicates Sine Wave with
Amplitude Modulation
Quiet Load Operation
80. Considerations with
Sine Wave Dimming:
Expensive
Size
Electrical Installation Efficiency
Quiescent Load
81. Dimming Stage Fixtures
Early Technology Limited Control
Coincidental decrease in Cost Per
Dimmer=
More Dimmers
Greater Control
Increased Design Flexibility
82. Dimming LED Stage Light
Conventional Dimming unable to
provide the levels of control
required for multicolor fixtures.
Multicolor Fixtures are usually RGB,
RGBA, RGBW, RGBAW or
RGBCAOI
Minimum one channel of control per
color.
83. Advantages of LED
Lighting Efficiency
LED lighting is one of the most efficient methods of producing
visible light.
Efficiency refers to the amount of energy that is consumed by
the lighting source and converted into visible light.
84. Power Usage and Heat
Greatly improved Lumens per
Watt
Less Heat Loss
Reduced HVAC impact
No Burned Fingers!!
85. Other Advantages of
LEDs vs. Incandescent
Longer Lamp Life
No Expendable Color Media
No Color Shift
Shock Resistance
92. Theatre Consultants Collaborative, LLC
Traditional Broadway Touring Hall
No control over fixture choice therefore:
• Dimmers and Relays
• Ethernet and DMX Distribution
• Large HVAC plant and Electrical feeds
93. Theatre Consultants Collaborative, LLC
Producing / Touring Hall
Some control over fixture choice therefore:
• LED based cyc lights
• Less dimmers, circuits and relays
• Expanded Ethernet and DMX Distribution
• Reduced HVAC plant and Electrical feeds
94. Theatre Consultants Collaborative, LLC
Hybrid
Studio Theatres & TV Studios have control over fixture
choice therefore:
• LED based cyc lights
• LED based wash fixtures
• No installed dimmers ‐> No dimmer room
• Installed Relays
• Dimmers at focusing fixtures
• Expanded Ethernet and DMX Distribution
• Even more reduced HVAC plant and Electrical feeds
95. Theatre Consultants Collaborative, LLC
Tomorrow
Accepted and viable high efficiency focusing
fixtures therefore:
• No installed dimmers ‐> No dimmer room
• 3 Phase feeder distribution to local breakouts
• Few dimmers at special fixtures only
• Ethernet and DMX Distribution
• Greatly reduced HVAC plant and Electrical feeds
101. Theatre Consultants Collaborative, LLC
Cost Conclusions
• Need to look at the whole system when justifying the initial cost.
• The cost of upgrade can be offset by savings in electrical and HVAC
infrastructure during new construction or major renovation.
• Operational savings still offer a payback period of less than a year in
an existing television studio and under 3 years in an existing live
performance venue.
• Ongoing savings are evenly split between energy and expendables.
• During the 90’s power companies were giving grants for fixture
replacements that yielded a 42% energy savings, we expect similar
opportunities for 80% energy savings.
102. Theatre Consultants Collaborative, LLC
Issues
Existing Halls
• Change dimmers for relay modules
• Convert control infrastructure
Operational Changes:
• Capital budgeting for fixture replacement
• Network design & administration
