1. Solar Electric Generating Systems forCommercial Properties Ian Diamond Solar Power Consultant RenergyCo, LLC ©Copyright 2010, Ian Diamond (914) 419-3134. Please contact author for permission to reproduce in part or full.

2. August 14th, 2003 Northeast Blackout of 2003 8 States + Southeastern Canada 50 Million people lost power Cause Factors: Grid Faults and Grid Overload

3. Meeting Future Electricity Load Load Growth expected of 1.05% annually to 2030 Increase electricity generation Power Plants Clean Coal Nuclear Renewable Energy Wind Solar

4. What is Solar Energy? Solar Electric Generating System aka: Solar Power aka: Solar PV Photo-Voltaic Producing electricity from light Solar Thermal E.g.: Solar Hot Water Utilizing energy from heat

5. Why Solar Power? Increasing Energy/Electricity Demands Unlimited Resource. cf: fossil fuels Distributed Generation. cf: Transmission costs and infrastructure Maximum production during peak demand Helps Utility Energy Management Clean. cf: Gas, Clean Coal, Nuclear NIMBY or YOYR (Yes, On Your Roof) Eventual Unsubsidized Grid Parity

6. Rooftop System Bayonne School System 87.5kW

7. Mounting Options Rooftop Flush Mounted, Affixed (typical single-family residential) Tilt-mounted, ballasted (typical flat roof) Tilt-mounted, affixed (flat roof) Ground Ground or pole-mount Ballasted (paved areas) Car Port Structure Parking lots – Solar Car Ports

8. Rooftop System Bayonne School System 158kW

9. Rooftop System North Bergen School 355kW

10. Ballasted Rooftop System Nesquehoning PA - 700kW

11. Ground Mount System Marlboro Township Water Department 600kW

12. Solar Canopies William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey

13. Solar Canopies California

14. Rooftop Preferences Facing true south (+/- 60°) Pitch: 0°- 45° (Optimum Production: 35°) No obstructions Off roof: no trees, taller buildings, higher walls On-roof: Parapet walls, bulkheads, HVAC equipment, vents Roof Life: 15+ years No structural load issues

15. Typical System Crystalline Panels Roof mounted / Ground mount Grid-tied (no batteries) Fixed mounting (no rotation) Net Metered Distributed Generation (On-site)

16. System Sizing Flush Roof Mount Example: single-family residential pitched roofsouth facing, unobstructed, 500sf 12W-13W / square foot = 6kW Solar PV system Tilt Roof Mount Example: commercial or multi-family flat roofunobstructed, 6000sf 8W-10W / square foot = 48kW Solar PV system

18. Production Value 1kW Solar PV produces approximately1200 kWh per year 5kW = 6,000 kWh/year 50kW = 60,000 kWh/year Avoided Electricity Cost Con Edison @ $0.18 - $0.24/kWh Escalating electricity costs > 5% annually System Life: 30+ years

19. System Cost Variables System Size Location Building Height Flush/Tilt; Ballasted/Affixed Residential: $5.50-$6.50/Watt Commercial: $4.25-$5.25/Watt (excluding NYC)

21. Small incremental improvements

22. Smaller Tolerances

23. Inverter efficiency improved

24. Improvements & Applications

25. Wider applications

26. Thin-film

27. Part of roof membrane

28. Solar walls

29. Building Integrated PV (BIPV) – solar shingles

30. Transparent panels

33. Analysis of client electricity usage & cost, and solar electricity production potential of site

34. Detailed Proposal with complete costs, production value, and complete breakdown of incentives including all applicable rebates, tax credits and production-based incentives

36. Contract signing with deposit

37. Permitting, Design & Engineering. 3 Months

38. Installation. 1-2 Months

40. Example: 50 kW Multi-Family Residential System – NYC

41. Solar Electric Generating Systems - Conclusion Solar utilizes underused property (rooftops, parking lots, etc) to provide on-site electricity Solar Distributed Generation (On-site, Behind the meter) provides localized electricity – no extra burden on transmission infrastructure Solar PV is extremely important component to help us meet increasing global electricity needs

42. Example: 200kW Commercial System – New Jersey (with PSE&G Solar Loan)

44. Rebate Program

45. closed

46. Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SREC’s) – Production Credits sold to Load Serving Entities (LSE’s).

47. Current Market Value: $650/SREC (= $0.65/kWh)

48. SREC Life – 15 years

49. Utility Funding Incentives

50. PSE&G Solar Loan Program

51. 50-60% of Project Cost paid by assigning SREC’s to PSE&G

52. JCP&L, ACE: SREC-based financing

53. 10-15 year contract to purchase SREC’s

55. Personal Tax Credit

56. 25% of Net System Cost (after Rebate) up to $5,000

57. (multi-family – each apartment owner eligible for up to $5,000)

58. New York City

59. Property Tax Abatement

60. 35% of Net System Cost (after Rebate & Grant) – 2010

61. 20% of Net System Cost (after Rebate & Grant) – 2011-2012

62. Municipal

64. 30% of Gross System Cost

65. Commercial: Investment Tax Credit

66. 2010 available as a Grant.

67. Residential: Personal Tax Credit (30% of rebated cost)

68. 5 year MACRS

69. Accelerated Depreciation

70. State – New York

71. NYSERDA Rebate

72. $1.75/Watt up to 5kW Residential

73. $1.75/Watt up to 50kW Commercial

74. Per metered account