Government of India had come out with the new mandate guideline under JNNSM that each of the PV modules used under this mission should be attached with the RFID tags to keep its accountability,authenticity & performance measurement.RFID allows better monitoring of the PV manufacturing processes with expedient raw material flow and more effective planning and control.

1. WHITE PAPER
Ver 1.0 (May 2010)
RFID in PV Manufacturing Industry
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National Solar Mission:
“We need to evolve a comprehensive renewable
energy policy for energy independence within a
year.....Energy independence has to be our
nation’s first and highest priority. We must be
determined to achieve this within the next 25
years”
-- Honorable President of India,
Shri. APJ Abdul Kalam
Challenges faced by the PV manufacturing
Industry
Ø Comply the Govt. regulatory standard for PV module.
Ø Penalties for delays resulting from downtimes of the
production.
Ø Cost of recalling or replacement of PV throughout 25
years of its lifecycle.
Ø Efficient way to manage the shipment and electronic
delivery proof.
Monitoring the parts flow in a PV Cell & Module
manufacturing industry time-wise and location-wise is very
critical for productivity, cost, quality, inventory &
speed.
The “National Solar Mission (Nov. 2009)” guideline by
Govt. of India, the domestics market for PV manufacturing
industry has shown an exponential growth projection. Even
Govt. is trying to regulate RFID tagging (to store its
electrical, environmental, standard and unique identity) for
each of its panel which will be used under the mission to keep
its accountability, authenticity & performance measurement
to achieve the missions to great success.
PV material movement along the factory and in
warehouses is a complex operation requiring a perfect
symphony between information technology enablers and
human judgment in terms of quality. Material tracking
(silicon, ingots, cell, module) at multiple levels is important
from the overall supply chain and quality process efficiency
of any organization. Seamlessness is desired in tasks that
require multiple hand-offs either from one system to another
or from one area in the factory to another. It is here that the
most of the slippage and revenue leakage occurs.
Increase profitability and maintain the lowest possible
logistical cost during PV manufacturing will be the most
challenging task & will give win-win those who will able
adopt/adjust IT technology.
RFID technology promises to improve a broad range of
processes in logistics and WIP in manufacturing of PV
industry. RFID allows better monitoring of the PV
manufacturing processes with expedient raw material
flow and more effective planning and control. It helps
in monitoring where and when a part is located throughout
its flow shop in its production process. The key features that
separate RFID technology from its competing partners such
as optical barcodes are non-line-of-sight tag reading.
NVVN
(Na%onal
Vidyut
Vyapar
Nigam
Ltd)
PV
Manufa
cturer
Govt.
Plant
Owner
National Solar Mission Framework
To ensure the success of National Solar
Mission, both the stakeholders under the
mission have to work in tightly couple
mode. Each player has his own
responsibility and need to monitor and
maintain in better ways.

3. What is RFID
RFID enables wireless data capture and transaction processing. RFID is an automatic
identification method which relies on storing and retrieving remote data
on/from devices called as Transponders or RFID Tags. Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) is the technology that has revolutionized the way identification and
tracking of items is carried out. Data is stored on a chip called RFID tag which can be attached
to the PV cell and module which can be “read” by wireless devices called RFID readers.
RFID system comprises of three components
1. RF ID transponder or RF ID tag (which will be placed in each PV module)
2. RFID Writer/Reader (will be used to write all the PV characteristics in RFID tags)
3. RFID Handheld (can be used for onsite regular monitor & its maintenance)
Why RFID
Conceptually, bar coding and RFID are quite similar; both are intended to provide rapid and
reliable item identification-and-tracking capabilities but they are different in many ways.
Parameters Bar Code RFID
Line of sight √ X
Reading multiple
tags
X √
Cope with dirty &
harsh environment
X √
Extra memory for
storing relevant data
X √
Read & write capacity X √
Possibility of
automatic tracking
X √
Table 1.0: Barcode Vs RFID technology comparative matrix table
How RFID Technology Works
• The antenna emits radio signals to activate the UHF passive tags (without battery) and to
read and write data to it.
• The reader emits radio waves, depending upon its power output and the radio frequency
used. When an RFID UHF passive tag passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects
the reader's activation signal.
• The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag's integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the
data is passed to the host computer for processing.
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4. Different RFID Technology Matrix:
Technology
/Ability
HF Technology
(13.56 MHz)
UHF Technology
(860-960 MHz)
Active Technology
(2.45 GHz/433MHz)
Application Access Control,
Laundry Tagging,
Library
Management
SCM, Inventory
Management, Health
Care, Aviation, Retail,
Transportation
Health Care, RTLS
Multiple Tag
Read
Slow(2-5 tags/Sec) Faster(20 to 100
tags/Sec)
Faster(10-20 tags/Sec)
Tag Power Power Less Power Less Battery Power
Standards ISO 15693,14443
A/B
EPC C1G1/C1G2/18000-
6A,B,C
No such standards
Tag Form
Factor
Small Small Big
Maintenance Not Required Not Required Required
Read Range Very Low(10 Cm) Good Range(2-4M) High Range(20 M)
Units Cost
Labels
Low( $) Very Low(few cents) Very High(few $)
Table 2.0: Different RFID technology comparative matrix table
Currently, there are several technologies/frequencies are used in RFID as above given in
comparative matrix table 2.0.Looking after the derivative parameters (like passive, maintenance
free & lowest cost) UHF EPC Gen2 is recommended to use in Solar Power Plants for tracking and
operation management.
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“We will pool all our scientific, technical & managerial talents,
with financial source, to develop solar energy as a source of
abundant energy to power our economy and to transform the
lives of our people,”
-- Honorable Prime Minister of India,
Shri. Manmohan Singh

5. How PV Module and Cell Manufacturer can use RFID:
(Image taken from Solar Semiconductor)
PV data writing process in RFID Tag:
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Tabber
&
Stringer
Automa%on
RFID
tagging
&
Lamina%ng
Frameing
Sun
Simula%on
Other
Tes%ng
QC
Control
QC
data
in
RFID
tags
The PV manufacturing industry is very much automated and
it undergoes several processes to get a finished product.
RFID tags will be in the form of adhesive labels (lifespan of
10,000 times write) which can be read/write with the RFID
reader/writer station. RFID tags can be embedded in solar
panels during PV manufacturing processes in two ways.
Case 1 (embedding the tags inside PV): RFID tag is
embedded in solar panel during the lamination process. PV
characteristics (like Electrical, mechanical, Environmental,
Certification etc) are written inside the tag after QC (Quality
Control) process.
Case2 (embedding the tags outside PV): RFID tag is
attached to the solar panel externally after Quality Control
process.

6. Benefits of RFID in PV Industry:
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Advantage of PV Manufacturer:
Ø Item-level visibility across manufacturing and distribution operations can help to track location
& quantity of the parts at each stage and the arising bottlenecks can be detected & resolved
immediately.
Ø A modest ROI and positive business benefits in a typical manufacturing and distribution
supply chain.
Ø Reducing payouts for recalled or returned product.
Ø Reducing lost product and sales from shipping errors.
Ø Reconciling invalid order claims or chargeback’s.
Ø Reducing lost sales from stock-outs.
Ø Reducing inventory shrinkage.
Ø It is easy to track the expiry date of the product which will reduce the losses.
Ø Reducing inventory levels and associated holding costs.
Ø Arrival and departure times of a part in a workstation can be recorded automatically.
Ø Due to real time application problems rising in the production floor can be easily
detected & resolved.
Ø Advanced Shipment Notification (ASN) data improves receipt accuracy.
Advantage for Solar Power Plant Stakeholder:
Stakeholders need to closely work together to roll out the challenges & to implement the ambitious
goals of the mission successfully.
Ø Comply all the regulatory policy of central govt. of using solar PV module.
Ø Pilferage of the solar panels can be controlled.
Ø Increasing the plant production efficiency.
Ø Fast replace/ relocate the low efficient panel.
Ø Better preventive measurement & maintenance.
Ø Tracking panel efficiency throughout its life cycle (25 years).
Advantage for Policy Maker:
Ø Thoroughly keep view on the mission performance progress.
Ø Giving a better standards & system design to the entire stakeholder under the mission.
Ø Keeping the PV panel authenticity from gray market.
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7. The Business Value of RFID in PV Industry:
Business value of RFID
Above flow chart explains how RFID will bring business value in the market by improving
efficiency, cut costs & boosts sales.
Why you should select IAITO Infotech as your partner
• We understand the RFID Technology, Solution and have knowledge of the
Industry with the top Notch IIT Kanpur R&D engineers who are having more
than 5+ years experience in the same domain.
• Our understanding about the RFID Business Values & ROI Realization is with
15+ years experience business people in team.
• We provide High Quality Product & Testing process (ISO 9001: 2008 Certified
Company).
• We Have High Techno Commercial viability – ROI.
• Indigenous Setup (Design, Developed & Tested in world class RFID lab of IIT
Kanpur).
• We have Local Support & Strong Partner Network Framework to ensure better
support.
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Increase
Shareholder
Value
Increase
Revenue
Increase
Market
Intelligence
Increase
Market
Share
Increase
Volume
Increase
Opera%ng
Income
Reduce
Cost
of
Goods
Sold
Reduce
Opera%ng
Cost
Increase
Capital
Efficiency
Increased
Fixed
Capital
Turnover
Increase
Working
Capital
Turnover
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8. Company Profile
About IAITO INFOTECH PVT LTD (ISO 9001:2008 certified) an incubate
company of IIT Kanpur provides state of the art integrated traceability, identification
and authentication solution. It provides software as well as integrated turnkey solution
of both(hardware, software & services) in various technologies like RFID, NFC, GPS,
Mobile technologies etc.
With the knowledge of experienced professional, we are able to help you to deploy right
combination of technology that will maximize your ROI right from start and ensure its
expandability as the application grow through the evolution of the technology.
With our R & D experienced team, we have developed different integrated solutions for
various industries and carry one of the most comprehensive product/solutions.
IAITO’s turnkey solutions model covers industries like Aviation, Manufacturing,
Transportation, Retail, Government, Renewable Energy, BFSI and Mining.
For more Information kindly visit our website http://www.iaito.co.in/
IAITO INFOTECH (P) Ltd.
LIG 124, Maharshi Dayanand Vihar,
Phase 2, Kalyanpur, Kanpur- 208017
Phone: +91-5122570357
E-Mail: info@iaito.co.in
Web: http://www.iaito.co.in
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