COAL BED METHANE (CBM); Coal Seam Gas (CSG), or Coal-mine Methane (CMM); What and why CBM?; How do we estimate the amount of methane gas which will come from a region underlain by coal? ; Benefits of CBM ; Coal seams as aquifers; CBM product water ; What is saline water and why is it considered saline?; What is sodic water and why is it considered sodic? ; Irrigation of crops with CBM water; Current management practices for disposal of CBM product water

1. Coalbed methane (CBM),
Coal Seam Gas (CSG), or
Coal-mine Methane (CMM)
@Hassan Harraz 2018
Coalbed Methane (CBM)
@Hassan Harraz 2018
Coalbed Methane (CBM)
Hassan Z. Harraz
hharraz2006@yahoo.com
Spring 2018

2. Outlines Lecture
• What and why CBM?
• How do we estimate the amount of methane gas which
will come from a region underlain by coal?
• Benefits of CBM
• Coal seams as aquifers
• CBM product water
• What is saline water and why is it considered saline?
• What is sodic water and why is it considered sodic?
• Irrigation of crops with CBM water
• Current management practices for disposal of CBM
product water
@Hassan Harraz 2018
Coalbed Methane (CBM)

3. Coal Seams

4. The (Simplified) Science of CBM:
 Decaying Organic matter is:
 Buried
 Cooked
 Pressurized
Creating:
 Coal
 Methane
 Other gases
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)
Coalification Process

5. Type of Coal, Maturity and Maceral Composition
Peat
Lignite
Sub-
bituminous
Bituminous
Anthracite
Proximate –
Moist. Ash,
VM, FC
Ultimate
Analysis
Vitrinite
reflectance
VRo%
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

6. What is coal bed methane?

7. Why Coalbed Methane (CBM)?
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)
 Simply methane found in coal seams called CBM
 Methane emission during underground mining is a
major safety hazards, since underground coal mining
started (as it forms explosive mixture when its conc.
comes in range of 5-15% in u/g mine workings)
 Methane is a clean fuel
 Methane has 21 times more warming potential
compared to CO2 and responsible for Global Warming
 Coal is a source as well as reservoir rock for methane
 CBM is a unconventional gas resource
 The demand of gas is significantly rising
CBM Recovery and
VCBM
CMM
VAM
AMM

8. The characteristic of coal bed methane

9. GAS PRODUCTION:.
GAS CONTENT:.
WATER PRODUCTION:.
ROCK PROPERTY:.
HYDROFRACTURING:
STRESS DEPENDENT PERMEABILITY:
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

10. A Comparative Analysis
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

11. What exactly is Coal Bed Methane?

12. Methane Storage in Coal
Methane in coal is:
Adsorbed on the surfaces of the coal
Stored as free gas in the cleats and open pores
Ref:-www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/Coal/CBM_Info.aspx
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)
Coal Cleats

13. CBM Storage

14. CHARACTERIZATION OF CBM AND
UCG: LABORATORY TESTING

15. Coal Deposits
In-situ Coal Drift Coal
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

16. CBM Reservoir Characteristics

17. Underground Coal Gas Conversion (UGC) Production Process
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

18. Parameters suitable for UCG

19. Issues related to UCG

20. Selection Criterion for UCG

21. Important UCG Trials
Location Coal Type Thickness (m) Depth (m) Year
Podmoskovnaya, FSU Lignite 2.5-3.0 30-80 1946-1953
Lisichanskaya, FSU Bituminous 0.44-2.0 60-250 1948-1965
Angrensikaya, FSU Lignite 2.0-22.0 120-250 1957-Current
Newman Spinney, UK Sub-Bituminous 0.75 75.0 1959
Shatskaya, FSU Lignite 2.6-4.0 30-60 1963-1956
Hanna Wy USA Sub-Bituminous 7.0 80 1971-81
Hoe Creek, USA Sub-Bituminous 5.0 30 1972-82
Thulin, Belgium Anthracite - 860 1979-1987
France Anthracite - 1200 1981-1986
Tremedal, Spain Sub-Bituminous 2.0-5.0 530-580 1989-1998
Yuzhno-Abinskaya, Russia Bituminous 2.2-9.0 50-300 1999-Current
Chinchila, Australia Sub-Bituminous 8.0-10.0 130-250 1999-2004
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

22. CBM EXPLORATION

23. How do we estimate the amount of methane gas which will
come from a region underlain by coal?

24. CBM Production Curve
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

25. Production Technology
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

26. Conventional Vertical Drilling

27. CBM PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE
1) Hydraufracturing
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

28. 2) DEWATERING
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

29. Pressure drawdown profile of a single well
For CBM reservoirs, we need to deplete the reservoir
pressure down low to get the gas out.
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

30. WORLD WIDE CBM RESOURCES
SL.NO COUNTRY
COAL RESOURCES
(BILLION TONNES)
CBM RESOURCES
(TCM)
1 RUSSIA 6500 17-114
2 CHINA 4000 31.8
3 USA 3970 12
4 AUSTRALIA 1700 10.8
5 CANADA 7000 10.2
6 INDIA 241 10
7 S. AFRICA 150 3.2
8 U.K. 190 2.8
9 POLAND 160 2.8
10 GERMANY 320 2.8
11 ZIMBABWE 8 0.05
Source : ONGC Task Force Report 2006
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

31. BENEATH THE SURFACE
OVERVIEW OF COAL AND CBM RESERVES
BENEATH THE SURFACE…Global coal distribution Identified CBM basins
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Coalbed
Methane (CBM)

32. USES OF COAL BED METHANE

33. REFERENCES
• Technology Impact on Natural Gas Supply” Chapter 5 in Supply Task
Group
• Report, Volume 4 of Balancing Natural Gas Policy, Fueling the Demands
of a Growing Economy, National Petroleum Council (September 2003).
Available at http://www.npc.org/.
• Filling the Gap, Unconventional Gas Technology Roadmap, Petroleum
Technology Alliance Canada (June 2006).
• Technology Needs for Unconventional Gas Development, Research
Partnership to Secure Energy for America, Final DOE Report, Contract
DE-RP26-04NT41817 TSK41817.211.01.05 (November 2005).
• “Technology Needs for Unconventional Gas in the United States,” New
Mexico Tech, Socorro NM (2002).
• Stevens SH, Kuuskraa J, and Kuuskraa V: “Unconventional Natural Gas
in the United States: Production, Reserves, and Resources Potential
(1991-1997),”
• Advanced Resources International, Inc. (1998).
• “Global methane and the coal industry,” Coal Industry Advisory Board,
International Energy Agency (1994): 1–66.
• McCallister T: “Impact of Unconventional Gas Technology in the Annual
Energy Outlook 2000,” Issues in Midterm Analysis and Forecasting,
Energy Information Administration (2000): 1–21.
33

34. Outline of Lectures:
Topic 1: Natural Gas (Overview).
Topic 2: Unconventional Gas Reservoir
Topic 3: Shale Gas
Topic 4:Coalbed Methane (CBM)
Topic 5: Tight Reservoir
Topic 6: Gas Hydrates
Topic 7: Hydraulic Fracturing.
Topic 8 : Separating and Treating Well Fluids
Topic 9 : Natural Gas Processes
Topic 10 : Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Life Cycle Overview.
Topic 11 : Egyptian Natural Gas Resource (Overview).
@Hassan Harraz 2018
Nature Gas
34