ebola virus

1. Faculty: Environmental science
Subject: Biology L111. evolution and
diversity
Teacher: Asso. Prof. Thuy Tran Van
Class: K57TTKHMT

2. Le Thi Van Anh
Pham Thi Minh Huyen
Ho Nguyen Hoang
Duong Nhat Khanh
Ebola virus

3. - General information
- What is Ebola virus?
- How does Ebola
virus spread?
- How do we adapt
with Ebola virus?
-Pham Thi Minh Huyen
- Le Thi Van Anh
- Ho Nguyen Hoang
- Duong Nhat Khanh

4. Nearly 40 years ago, a young Belgian scientist travelled to a remote part of the
Congolese rainforest - his task was to help find out why so many people were
dying from an unknown and terrifying disease. In September 1976, a package
containing a shiny, blue thermos flask arrived at the Institute of Tropical Medicine
in Antwerp, Belgium. Working in the lab that day was Peter Piot, a 27-year-old
scientist and medical school graduate training as a clinical microbiologist.
"It was just a normal flask like any other you would use to keep coffee warm,
" recalls Piot, now Director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
But this thermos wasn't carrying coffee - inside was an altogether different cargo.
Nestled amongst a few melting ice cubes were vials of blood along with a note.
It was from a Belgian doctor based in what was then Zaire, now the Democratic Repub
of Congo - his handwritten message explained that the blood was that of a nun, also
from Belgium, who had fallen ill with a mysterious illness which he couldn't identify.
It is the river where hide the secret about one danger epidemic

7. These were the three questions Piot and his colleagues
asked:
1. How did the epidemic evolve? Knowing when each person
caught the virus gave clues to what kind of infection this
was - from here the story of the virus began to emerge.
2. Where did the infected people come from? The team
visited all the surrounding villages and mapped out the
number of infections - it was clear that the outbreak was
closely related to areas served by the local hospital.
3. Who gets infected? The team found that more women
than men caught the disease and particularly women
between 18 and 30 years old - it turned out that many of
the women in this age group were pregnant and many
had attended an antenatal clinic at the hospital.

9. The recent Ebola outbreak that started in March 2014, however, has reached epidemic
proportions and has killed more than 6000 persons as of December 2014.
This outbreak has been centered in West Africa, an area that had not previously been
affected by the disease. The toll has been particularly grave in three countries:
Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.

12. In the absence of any vaccine or cure,
the
advice for this outbreak is much the
same
as it was in the 1970s. "Soap, gloves,
isolating patients, not reusing needles
and
quarantining the contacts of those who
are
ill - in theory it should be very easy to
contain Ebola," says Piot.

13. What is symptoms of Ebola disease?
• According to WHO, sudden fever, stress, muscle pain, headache and sore throat are
typical symptoms of Ebola virus disease known.
• This was followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, renal dysfunction and liver, and in
some cases bleeding both inside and outside (Ebola can cause bleeding from the eyes,
ears, nose , mouth and rectum).
• The incubation period of the disease Ebola virus ranges from 2 to 21 days after
exposure to the pathogen until the first symptoms.
• Results of laboratory studies showed that blood cell and platelet counts are low Ebola
virus infections while higher than normal liver enzymes.
• According to WHO, the patient will be contagious to other
people when they start having symptoms. During the incubation period, they are not
likely to spread.

14. 1. Definition and
structure

15. - Ebola is a viral illness of which the initial
symptoms can include a sudden fever,
intense weakness, muscle pain and a sore
throat, And that is just the beginning:
subsequent stages are vomiting, diarrhoea
and - in some cases - both internal and
external bleeding. (according to the World Health
Organization (WHO).
- Subtype: Zaire, Sudan, Reston, and Côte
d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

16.  Rod-shape or 6-shape
 Virion: filamentous, 970 nm long, 80 nm in
diameter, enveloped
 Genome: approximately 19 kilobase
negative-sense, single-stranded RNA
 Proteome: 7 sequentially arranged proteins
 Infection: initiates by the attachment of GP
glycoprotein to host receptors
 RNA Transcript: 5' methyl cap, 3' poly-A tail

18.  Glycoprotein is a
transmembrane
fusion protein.

19.  The viral membrane
(viral envelope) may
contain human
proteins

20.  VP40 and VP24 are
Ebola major and
minor matrix
proteins.

21.  Ebola RNA is
packed with the NP
protein.

22.  L stand for the
large Ebola protein
– the polymerase .

23.  V35 and V30 are
the minor Ebola
protein.

24.  The budding viral
particle is wrapped
in the lipid
membrane taken
from the human
cell.

25.  RNA Transcript:
5' methyl cap, 3'
poly-A tail
3-leader
-NP-VP35-VP40-
GP/sGP-VP30-
VP24-L-
- trailer-5'

26. - Transmission from
wild animals.
- Human-to-human
transmission.

28.  Natural Ebola virus hosts:
fruit bats of the
Pteropodidae family
 Ebola is introduced into
the human population:
through close contact
with the blood,
secretions, organs or
other bodily fluids of
infected animals
(chimpanzees, gorillas,
fruit bats, monkeys, forest
antelope and porcupines
found ill or dead or in the
rainforest)

29.  Direct contact : through
broken skin or mucous
membranes, with the blood,
secretions, organs or other
bodily fluids of infected
people.
 Indirect contact: with surfaces
and materials (e.g. bedding,
clothing) contaminated with
these fluids.

33.  Binding and entry of an infecting virion 
virus protein expression + RNA replication 
assembly and release new virion

35.  Through contact with mucous membranes or through
skin breaks
  infection : endothelial cells( tb nội mô) , liver cells (
tb gan), and several types of immune cells ( tb miễn dịch)
such as macrophages, (đại thực bào) monocytes,( bạch cầu
đơn nhân) and dendritic cells ( tb đuôi gai)
  lymph nodes(hạch bạch huyết)
  bloodstream and lymphatic system ( hệ thống bạch
huyết)
  throughout the body
  programmed cell death.
  low concentration of lymphocytes in the blood
  the weakened immune

38.  The Broad Institute/Harvard University
study
In order to better understand the origin
and transmission of the current outbreak
in West Africa
 in collaboration with the Sierra Leone
Ministry of Health, sequenced 99 virus
genomes from 78 patients.

39.  Researching about early and late in the
outbreak how genetic changes ( which
make virus easier to spread)  manage
future outbreaks

40. IN DAILY LIFE

51. INTERACTIVE WITH INFECTED PEOPLE

53.  Ebola fears prevent the world from
developing
 So far, no vaccine or cure is available.
 Due to the current problems, finding the ways
out is very important.
 For everyone, just protect yourself by doing
the rules above.

54.  BBC NEWS
 Wiki.org
 The conversation - http://theconversation.com/genetic-
evolution-how-the-ebola-virus-changes-and-adapts-31525
 Els Article - http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-
a0001022.html
 BBC World Service
 Sciencemag - http://www.sciencemag.org/site/extra/ebola/
 https://flipboard.com/section/plos-ebola-collection-bRVgYj
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/viruses/variation/ebol
a/
 http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.spg?decorator=filo_ebola
 David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley, et al.. Fields’ Virology. 5th
edition. 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
USA, http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/