5. (2) Attempting to set out
some of the more
important distinctions
that have to be made.
6.
7. Naming
Language is a communication
system.
The concept of the signifier and the
signified is central to that system.
BUT
There is a basic problem here
10. 1. The signifier is a word in the language.
2. The signified is an object in the world.
3. The signifier:
stands for
refers to
denotes
the signified.
(Words are names or lables for things)
11. Taken at face value:
No doubt this is true.
Children learn any of their
words by naming things.
BUT
25. We can attempt to
illustrate what it
denotes with a picture
of a boy running
26.
27. There are two difficulties that arise:
1. We are not presented
separately with a boy and
with 'running'.
We need a fairly sophisticated
method of separating the
two.
28. 2. We can distinguish
the boy and 'what
he is doing‘.
30. But it is far more difficult to
identify precisely what are
the essential characteristics
of what is denoted by the
verb than what is denoted
by the noun.
31. Does running
involve only
the movement
of the feet or
are the arms
involved too?
Does it
necessarily
involve a
change of
position?
Is the
speed
relevant?
32. Clearly there is
not something
that can easily
be recognised
and identified
as 'running'
41. Do they denote objects in the
world?
Can we distinguish two kinds
of world:
the ‘real world’ and the
‘other world’?
What will happen if we do?
42. We must admit that words are not
just names of things, and it must
involve some fairly sophisticated
explanation of the way in which
we can move from giving names
to objects in the world to giving
names to objects that do not
exist