1. Sugars and Fats Spring, 2009

5. Isomers - molecules that share the same molecular formula (in this case C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Glucose and galactose are geometric isomers because that contain the same atoms attached in the same groupings, but the groups point in different directions. (in this case the OH on the left most carbon point down in glucose and up in galactose)

6. Disaccharides There is about 1 tablespoon of lactose in an 8 oz. glass of milk.

12. Sucrose is first digested in the stomach by stomach acid. Any remaining sucrose split into glucose and fructose by sucrase in the walls of the intestines.

17. Great Circuit 2/3 of all African slaves brought to the Americas worked on sugar plantations.

19. Corn starch  glucose  fructose syrup Enzymatic process developed in 1970’s. Start with corn starch (not sweet) and treat with alpha-amylase with produces short chains of glucose (oligosaccharides). The oligosaccharides are treated with glucoamaylase which breaks the chains into individual glucose molecules. Finally glucose isomerase converts glucose to a mixture of 42% fructose, 50-52% glucose, and some other sugars. oligosaccharide

22. Amylose and amylopectin = plant starch glycogen = animal starch

23. The A-H B model of sweetness

24. Artificial Sweetners

25. Glycol is not safe to eat You may have already eaten this today

27. Fatty acids

28. Monounsaturated Fat

29. Glycerides

31. What’s this?

32. Steroids

33. Terpenes

34. Vitamins– Which are water-soluble and which are not?