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These plant communities cover approximately 9.4% of the Earth 's surface (or 30% of total land area), though they once covered much more (about 50% of total land area), in many different regions and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators , and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the Earth 's biosphere . Anthropogenic factors that can affect forests include logging, urban sprawl, human-caused forest fires, acid rain, invasive species, and the slash and burn practices of swidden agriculture or shifting cultivation. [Photos: Left: Beech – Maple forest on Pierce Stocking Drive in Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan – nps.gov – Kerry Kelly 2006. Right: Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Department of the Interior/USGS]
These maps represent only virgin forest lost. Some regrowth has occurred but not to the age, size or extent of 1620 due to population increases and food cultivation. [Map from wikipedia.com, keyword “forest”. Citation: From William B. Greeley's, The Relation of Geography to Timber Supply, Economic Geography, 1925, vol. 1, p. 1-11. Source of "Today" map: compiled by George Draffan from roadless area map in The Big Outside: A Descriptive Inventory of the Big Wilderness Areas of the United States, by Dave Foreman and Howie Wolke (Harmony Books, 1992) . ]
During World War II , Pittsburgh produced 95 million tons of steel. By this time, the pollution from burning coal (fossil fuels) and steel production created a black fog (or smog ), which even a century earlier had induced author writer James Parton to dub the city "hell with the lid off". Pittsburgh’s smog was sometimes so thick that streetlights burned during the day and the city had rivers that resembled open sewers. The towns of Donora and Webster, Pennsylvania, along the Monongahela River southwest of Pittsburgh, were the site of a lethal air pollution disaster in late October 1948 that convinced members of the scientific and medical communities, as well as the public, that air pollution could kill people, as well as cause serious damage to health. The disaster took place over the course of five days, when weather conditions known as a temperature inversion trapped cooled coal smoke and pollution from a zinc smelter and steel mill beneath a layer of warm air over the river valley that enclosed the two towns and the surrounding farmland. Almost half of the area's 14,000 residents reported becoming ill and about two dozen deaths were attributed to the badly polluted air. [Photo: Noontime smog on a street in Donora, Pennsylvania, 1948.]
The London smog of 1952 killed an estimated 12,000 people in that year alone. [Photo: London smog – 1952 http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/smog2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/great_smog.html&usg=__ziciS_RoFa4dCYYR9wadCxmNicY=&h=306&w=324&sz=12&hl=en&start=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=N2paJuUYqBAhRM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlondon%2Bsmog%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-US%26rlz%3D1I7GGLL_en%26tbs%3Disch:1]
Following the war, the city launched a clean air and civic revitalization project known as the "Renaissance .“ Enforcement of the Smoke Control Ordinance placed a substantial burden on the city's working-class because smoky bituminous coal was much less expensive than smokeless fuels. [Photos: Views of downtown Pittsburgh from the Liberty Tunnel in 1947 and in 1965]
In 2007, Forbes magazine named Pittsburgh, in an eight-way tie, the 10th cleanest city in the U.S. [Photo: Left: Downtown Pittsburgh and the Three Rivers City Skyline as Viewed from Duquesne Heights Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . Right: London today]
1. U.S. Green Building Council Green Jobs Study – Prepared by Booz Allen Hamilton, page ii 2. Green Building Market and Impact Report 2009 – Rob Watson, executive editor, GreenerBuildings.com, Greener World Media
Glass Skyscraper - Fountain Place tower aka Ewing Oil building- Dallas, TX. The building was designed by the award winning architects I.M. Pei and Partners and was completed in 1986. Home built from LEGOS in Surrey – 3.3 million plastic bricks & 20 ft tall in 2009
We cannot overlook the products that we don’t see.
[Photo: HDPE- High Density Polyethylene pipe]
Masdar City – the world’s first ‘ zero carbon’ city, located in Abu Dhabi , in the United Arab Emirates . The city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable energy sources, with a sustainable , zero-carbon , zero-waste ecology. Cost 22 billion dollars and 8 years to build. [Photo: rendering of Masdar City]
Built about 575 BC by Nebuchadnezzar II , the Ishtar Gate was one of the eight gates of the inner city of Babylon, capital of the Babylonian Empire (now in Iraq ). It is one of the most impressive monuments rediscovered in the ancient Near East. The Ishtar Gate high more than 38 feet (12 meters) was made of brick glazed with a copper turquoise glaze alternating with unglazed brick (about 120 of them) covered with gold leaf. Covered with dragons, lions and bulls, Nebuchadnezzar dedicated the huge, ceremonial gate to the goddess Ishtar. [Photo: Ishtar Gate- Babylon]
We are lucky, whether by accident or design, that our products are inherently sustainable. [Picture: Hampton Court Palace, London, built 1514 and expanded in 1529]
The Centre Point- London. 385 feet tall. Constructed with prefabricated precast-concrete , H-shaped units lifted into position by an internally sited crane designed to rise in height with the building. The building was designed by Richard Seifert with engineers Pell Frischmann and was constructed by Wimpey Construction . McKinney Boyd High School – McKinney, TX . Steel Frame, Brick Veneer. PBK Architects, Inc. (Architect); RLK ENGRG (Civil Engineer); Structural Engenuity (Structural Engineer); General Contractor: POGUE CONST]
Employees Corporate leadership should assist the cultural shift in U.S. by leading employees down the path of sustainability. It was found that 40% of employees are willing to take a pay cut to work for a socially responsible company 1 . This trend is expected to increase given the age of new hires Customers Companies that have a well-established sustainability strategy outperform those that do not by an annualized rate of return of 3.06% 75% of people are willing to pay more for products that are produced by socially responsible companies 1 . Community at large 1. Corporate Citizenship Study , PSB, Landor, Burston Marsteller, 2009
“ Vision come to life”
Building on the Past. [Photo: Hampton Court Palace – London – 1500s]
Restoring the Balance [Photos: Chemical Scrubber to remove harmful particulates from the ‘smoke’ output of a factory or plant; Recycled brick into cat litter; Reclaimed old brick used for new building ]
Creating the Future. [Photo: Brick home in New York ]
This is good news for North Texas. Texas has the sixth largest population growth by percent during this period. Texas is now the third largest percentage change in the Nation.