Talk given at University of Manitoba during #oaweek 2013

1. Open Educational Resources:
History and Future Potential
by Stian Håklev
University of Manitoba, Open Access Week 2013
Creative Commons BY 3.0
CC BY NC ND Smithsonian American Art Museum

2. Open
Educational
Resources
Open
Learning
Process
2

3. RESOURCES
3

4. Accidental
OER

5. OpenLib
frontpage

6. sanskrit
primer
6

7. sanskrit
uoft
7

8. youtube
main
8

9. soc
images
Curation
9

10. Intentional
OER

11. Dimensions
gratis
/
libre
(or
free
as
in
speech,
free
as
in
beer)
accidental
/
intentional
defined-­‐author
/
peer-­‐authored
purpose:
direct
use,
reuse,
transparency

12. ocwc
members
12

13. saudi
arab
ocw
13

14. saudi
arabia
textbook
14

15. uwc
pub
health
15

16. israel
ocw
16

17. nptel
youtube
17

18. IIT
Youtube

19. egyankosh
yt
19

20. egyan
tsp
list
20

21. egyan
tsp
course
21

22. egyan
book
22

23. Esst
main
23

24. ind
textbook
main
24

25. ind
textb
content
25

26. bs-­‐e
main
26

27. 47

28. 49

29. wikieducator
29

30. wikiversity
main
30

31. So
why
did
it
spread
to
certain
countries,
and
not
to
others?

32. What
kind
of
a
“thing”
is
OCW?

33. OCW
as
a
norm
CC
BY
allygirl520
@
flickr

34. free
software
6

35. http://fusionanomaly.net/informationwantstobefree.html

36. PD
English
Wikipedia

37. How
can
we
analyze
the
spread
of
a
norm?
Finnemore
&
Sikkink:
the
life-­‐cycle
of
norms
Women’s
suffrage,
land-­‐mine
ban
Realist
vs.
constructivist
view
of
international
system
Norm
entrepreneurs
Organizational
platform
Forming
vocabulary,
change
in
identity
and
motivation
Tipping
point:
1/3
of
all
participants
(states)?
Institutionalization

38. OCW
as
an
policy
innovation
CC
BY
txd
@
flickr

39. Universities working together to advance education and
empower people worldwide through opencourseware.
Connecting with Your University’s Goals
—Recruitment
• A 2005 Poll showed that 50% of incoming MIT
students were aware of MIT OCW.
• 35% of those students based their choice of MIT at
least in part on their experience of MIT OCW
• By mid-October of their first year, 95% of
those students had visited the OCW site.
OCW Consortium Toolkit http://www.ocwconsortium.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=33&Itemid=
March 15, 2010
Open Sharing, Global Benefits
39

40. Universities working together to advance education and
empower people worldwide through opencourseware.
Connecting with Your University’s Goals
—Recruitment
• Builds a prior academic relationship with
bright, motivated students, their families,
their teachers and their advisors
• Showcases key departments, faculty and
courses
March 15, 2010
Open Sharing, Global Benefits
40

41. Universities working together to advance education and
empower people worldwide through opencourseware.
Connecting with Your University’s Goals
—Reputation
An OCW site can showcase areas of excellence in
our university, such as name specific programs.
Heightened awareness of these programs not only
will attract talented students and faculty to our
school but also will increase the visibility of our
faculty within their disciplines.
March 15, 2010
Open Sharing, Global Benefits
41

42. Universities working together to advance education and
empower people worldwide through opencourseware.
Connecting with Your University’s Goals
—Retention
An OCW site provides students with the potential for
self-paced review of study materials before, during
and after taking a course. Such review greatly
increases a student’s chances of success in both
that course and subsequent courses which build
upon its teachings.
March 15, 2010
Open Sharing, Global Benefits
42

43. Universities working together to advance education and
empower people worldwide through opencourseware.
Connecting with Your University’s Goals
—Advising
The ability to view OCW materials prior to
enrollment allows students to make more informed
choices about which courses and majors are right
for them.
Likewise, advisors will be able to base their
recommendations on concrete information about
courses, their requirements and their benefits.
March 15, 2010
Open Sharing, Global Benefits
43

44. How
can
we
analyze
the
spread
of
a
policy
innovation?
David
Phillips:
policy
attraction
more
likely
to
borrow
in
time
of
upheaval,
change
or
great
crisis
Mintrom
&
Vergari:
policy
networks
investigating
policy
on
school
choice
in
US
states
-­‐
what
causes
similarity?
closeness
of
states,
or
similar
attributes?
no,
attending
the
same
conferences!
The
role
of
MIT,
and
MIT’s
faculty,
international
conferences,
organizations
(OCW
Consortium,
CCLearn/CC,
UNESCO
IIEP)

45. Purposes of OER
If we don’t know what the purpose of an
OER is, we won’t know what to consider
when designing, we can’t begin to evaluate
the quality, or measure the success

46. Four Three purposes/uses
Production
Direct use
Reuse/remix
Transparency

47. 生产过程
Production

48. OCW
in
East
Asia

49. 49

50. ou
chiaotung
50

51. chiatung
course
51

52. 52

53. ou
korea
53

54. 54

55. keio
ocw
55

56. Features
of
the
Chinese
OER
project
selective
and
competitive
three
levels
(campus,
province,
national)
teaching
teams
both
content
and
method
financial
support,
requirement
to
make
course
available
online
for
five
years
three
kinds:
undergraduate,
vocational,
and
online
courses

57. Purposes
induce
full
professors
to
teach
undergraduate
courses
encourage
professors
to
use
more
technology
in
their
teaching
encourage
formation
of
teaching
teams,
rethinking
of
course
material
and
teaching
methods
courses
function
as
“models”
for
other
professors
(course
material
used
directly
by
students?)

58. jingpinke
main
58

59. 直接用
Direct use

60. OLI
CMU
mainpage

61. 重复利用
Remix/reuse

62. CNX
mainpage

65. a
story
enabled
by
openness
65

66. 66

67. 67

68. 68

69. 69

70. 70

75. Pillar
of
openness
s
Open
license
Open
file
formats
Semantic
file
formats
Open
APIs
Open
metadata
Ability
to
bulk-­‐download

76. 参考/透明
Transparency

77. Open
Educational
Videos
around
the
world

79. Multilingual and multicultural
Open Educational Resources

80. 56

81. “Are we allowed to do that?”

82. Perspectives on bilingualism
Bilingualism as ...
problem
right
resource

83. Student as...
user

84. 60

85. 61

86. n=250

87. Student as...
user
producer

88. 63

89. 89

91. 65

92. Two (+1) historic trends in
technology and education
• intelligent/adaptive tutor systems
(behaviouralist?)
• systems supporting collaborative work
(constructivist?)
• content and communications

93. Intelligent tutors
http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Intelligent_tutoring_system

94. • Artificial Intelligence
• Data mining
• Expert/Knowledge systems

95. OLI
CMU
mainpage

96. 96

97. http://www.educationaldatamining.org/

98. Computers enhancing human work with
ideas, and collaboration
http://focs.wordpress.com/2007/09/05/the-most-important-problem-in-computer-science/

99. • Computer-Supported Collaborative Work
• Computer-Supported Collaborative
Learning
• Human-Computer Interaction

100. OpenLib
frontpage

101. 101
http://www.blogiseverything.com/download/web-­‐20-­‐logo-­‐fonts/

102. Different
meanings
of
open
102

103. Site-specific information-centric communities

104. Long-term distributed topic-based communities

106. Personal Learning Environment/Network (PLE/PLN)
http://sarah-stewart.blogspot.ca/2011/11/my-ple-2011.html

108. Open courses

109. intro
open
ed
I
“Wiley
wikis”
Text
109

111. connnectivism
cour
111

112. 112

113. 113

116. 116

117. 117

118. 118

119. 119

120. New
developments
Coursera
-­‐
big
commercial
“elite”
provider
EdX
-­‐
open
source
platform
(China,
France,
Google,
Stanford)
many
others
*OOCs
Accreditation?
Flipped
classrooms
Analytics,
Gates
funding
research,
pretty
graphs
In
many
ways
a
step
back,
hopefully
strategic
retreat
-­‐
massive
exposure
thenewinquiry.com

121. Thank you!
shaklev@gmail.com
http://reganmian.net/blog
CC BY