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1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Foundation in Natural Built Environment (FNBE) September 2015
NAME : TEH WEI HONG
STUDENT ID : 0323743
COURSE : SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
LECTURER : MR T.SHANKAR
SUBMISSION DATE : 30TH NOVEMBER 2015

2. Concept: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
13th
January2007
Intrinsicmotivationisdefinedasperforminganactionor behaviourbecause youenjoythe
activityitself.Whereasactingonextrinsicmotivationisdone forthe sake of some external
outcome,the inspirationforactingonintrinsicmotivationcanbe foundinthe actionitself.
ExtrinsicmotivationiswhenIammotivatedbyexternalfactors,asopposedtothe internal
driversof intrinsicmotivation.Extrinsicmotivationdrivesme todothingsfortangible
rewardsor pressures,ratherthanforthe funof it. Sowe can see thatintrinsicmotivation
actuallyissomeone dosomethingisjustforfun,he diditbecause he likesit,butextrinsic
motivationmeanssomeone do somethingbecausethere isrewardgivenortoprevent
negative consequence.
My experienceingettingintrinsicmotivationismyhobby,badminton.Iusedtoplay
badmintonsince Iwas10. I am inspiredbytwopersonswhichare Dato Lee ChongWei and
my father.My fatheractuallyisa badmintonlovertoo,buthe have notime for training,he
was sobusyon working.Atabout7 yearsold,my fatheralwayswatchingbadmintonmatch
and start cheeringif hissupportedteamwon.Unconsciously,Ilove towatchbadminton
matchesand start playingitwithmyfatherinmy backyard.AfterI grew up,I cannot stop
playingbadmintonbecauseIlovedthe feelof smashingthe shuttlecockswitharacquetand
the soundproduced,the feelingof sweatingandeverythingaboutbadmintonwassonice.I
couldrelease all the stressfacedonstudiestowardtoshuttlecocksandthe opponent.
Because of thisfeelingsitleadme towardalong-termmotivationandIwon’tgive upso
easilyevenif Ilose.There isnoanyrewardsfor me to continue playingbadminton,unless
there isa competition,butthe rewardsdoesnotmeananythingtome,I love badminton
doesnotbecause anyreward givenanddoesnotmeanthat I wantedtobe like DataLee
ChongWei in future soI playedbadminton.ThisactuallyshowsthatIhad beenintrinsic
motivatedtoplaybadminton,because Idoesnotseekforanyrewardjustlike the feelingin
badmintoncourt.
One of myextrinsicmotivationhappenwhenIwasyoung,whichIam tryingto get
somethinglikerewardsfrommyparentswhenIhadto do something.Iwasabout5 or 6
yearsold,my parentstriedtomotivate me tostudyhard and get a goodresultbyrewarding
me a bicycle thatI wantedsobad at that time.Afterthatday,I startedstudyhard and keep
questioningthemwhenIfacedthe difficultytofindoutthe solutionforanyquestions.When
I feltlazyor tiredItriedthinkingof the bicycle,keeptellingmyself how cool itiswhenI
ridingonit and I can showoff to otherswiththatspeedybicycle.Inthe end,Icame out with
a full A’sresultandI had rewarded.IrememberedIwasso excitedandhadsomuch fun
withthe newbicycle.Sothisshowsthe extrinsicmotivationgivenbymyparentstomotivate
me to achieve a goal.
The otherexample happenedwhenIwas17, form 5. In that time,Ihad to sitfor an exam
whichisSPM. I had wastedthe firsthalf yearsdoingnothing,meansthatIam not studying
fromJanuary to June,thattime Iwas trappedintoonline game calledDota.Andyesthe trial
of SPMheldonAugust,Ihave totallynotime to covereverythingthatteachertaughtinpass
6 months.Iget a terrible resultformytrial exambecause of lackingof time,‘butitisnot
SPMexamyetI still gottime’Isaid,so I set a targetand a rewardas a motivationforme to
achieve the goalsthatI set.I was keepingtellingmyself,if Icannotget 8 A’s inSPMI will
delete the online gamesandclearall the datarecorded,butif I get 8 A’sthere isno one can

3. stopme playingthe game anymore,Icouldplayitall day all nightand no one can say I
cannot playtoomuch gamesbecause myresultwasbad. Afterthose goalsset,Istartedto
leave mygamesa side andfocuson my studies.Inthe end,resultdoesreachedwhatI
wantedbutI scoredbetterthan mytrial.It isgood enough,atleastI triedmybest…Hence,
howabout mygames?I have didnot playit fora longtime soI lose interestinkeepplaying
it.I feltregretswhenthinkingaboutit.

4. Concept: Post-Decision Dissonance
30th
April 2010
Post-decisiondissonancemeanstochange cognitionsinsucha manneras to increase the
attractivenessof the chosenalternative relative tothe unchosenalternative,inthe other
wordis meanwhensomeone forcedtoget a situationorthings,he orshe will supporthisor
herown thingswithfull force comparedtothe unchosen,justlike the story“SourGrapes”.
The story describedastarvingfox saw lusciouslookinggrapesina vine yard,buttheyhung
higherthanthe fox couldreach. He triedso hard to getthe grapes,but he cannot reach even
he jumpand climbtowardsit.Hence the fox said“I am sure those grapestaste trulysour,I
won’teattheneventheywere servedwith silverplatter.”Thisstoryactuallyshows the post-
decisiondissonance,andIhave some storiesthathappenedtome whenIwaschildwhich
relatedtothisconcepttoo.
Thisstory isabout whenIget myfirstphone whenIwas 13, whichmodel isSAMSUNG
GalaxyS i9001. I, myself have abitdifficulty onchoosingthings,sobefore IgotmyGalaxyS, I
was compare itwithanothermodel whichisNokiaE7,whichdesignedwithattractive shape
and colourcomparedto Samsung’sModel.IlikedNokiaE7more than GalaxyS at that time,
but infact, the functionof Samsungismuch betterthanthat Nokiamodel. Iampersuaded
by the salesmanandfinallyI boughtSamsungGalaxyS,butafterI reached home,I am still
considerthe NokiaE7 model,the model reallylookscool! Hence, mymindautomatically
came outa conclusionthatis‘NokiaE7 isjust lookswell itisnot verynice to use itdoesnot
same as SamsungGalaxyS, ithas more function…’ My firstexperience of post-decision
dissonance occurredrightnow.
The second story iswhenI was 16 in secondaryschool,Imetmy firstlove,actuallyisjust
crush,what a sad story huh?Let’sskipthe storyafter I gother phone number,atthat time,I
justchat withher dayand night, we discussedhomeworktogether,take care of eachother
justlike whatcouple did, justleftacertificate toshow thatwe are couple.Anunexpected
momenthappenedfew monthlater,she anda guyswere holdinghandswalkingpassedme,
whata surprise.AfterIwenthome,Iaskedaboutwhothat guysis?And of course she
replied“he ismyboyfriend”and“Ithoughtwe justfriend’she said.Iam so depressedthat
time andI start judgingher,somethinglikeshe won’tfeel happybystayingwiththatguy,
theyguywouldnottreat her well aswhatI did,theywill breakupone day.Besides,my
friendswere consolingme bystarttalkingherbad habitslike she actuallyislazy,dirtperson.
Her cousinandalso myfriendsaid“she hasmany bad habitsthatyou won’tlike her
anymore if I toldyou”.These make mymind-setsstrongerthatshe isnotreallysuitable for
me and I couldfinda betterone comparedto herinfuture.“If one day, she breakup with
herboyfriend,andshe comestofindme,I am sure that I will notentertainheranymore!”I
said. Actually,myreactionatthat time wasjustlike the fox inthe sour grapesstory.
Post-decisiondissonanceactuallyhappenswhenwe have tochoose something,butitdoes
not have to be a ‘thing’itcan be a situation.Forexample,whenIwassmall like just6or 7
yearsold,my sisterandI likedtogo to mycousinhouse whichlocatedatAlorSetar.My
home townisat Kulim,ittakesabout2 hoursto reach there,we notoftengo there,andso
each time we wentthere issopreciousatthat time,I loveditsomuch whenImetmy
cousins.One day,myfatherhad to go there forhisbusiness, butunluckilyIhadtuitionat
that time andmy sisterdidnothave any, she laughedatme for do nothave the chance to
go there,andI have to stay withmyaunt. “It isunfair”I saidand I beggingmymothertolet

5. me skipthe tuitionforone day, butof course she rejected. Thattime Iwas soignorant,what
I didis scoldingthemsobadlywhenIwasin myaunt’shouse and start cursing them.WhenI
was inthe tuitioncentre Ididnot listentowhatteacherteachand keephypnosismyself that
theyaren’thave funthere!

6. Concept: Self-Serving Bias
29th
May 2013
The self-servingbiasispeople'stendencytoattribute positive eventstotheirowncharacter
but attribute negativeeventstoexternal factors.It'sacommontype of cognitive biasthat
has beenextensivelystudiedinsocial psychology.Inotherwords,self-servingbiasmeans
whenu successor satisfiedwithsomethingyoudid,youwillbe soproudof it and start
praisingyourself evenwhatyoudidisjusta little ormaybe youjustlucky.Inotherhand,you
will startblamingotherpeople orthe environmentscause uto fail ordidsomethingwrong
inself-servingbias.There are some examplesshowsatbelow.
My firstexperienceof havingself-servingbiasiswhenIam16, that time I was form 3. I took
part ina man single badmintoncompetition representmysecondaryschool whichisSMJK
ChioMin. To make sure I playwell inthe competitionIforcedbymycoach to have a training
4 hourseveryday.It issuch a toughperiodbefore the competitionstart,all Ineedtodo is
practice and practice.Afterschool,Ihave to go straightawayto KulimClub,whichisan
entertainmentclubthatu can playany sportsthere as longas theyhave the courts.As I said
I have to bath there andthengo for practicing. Althoughthatisveryhard,but I triedmybest
to do it.Finallythe dayof the competitioncame,Imeta juniorforthe firstmatch,I scored
21-16 and21- 14 in the firstand secondround.Itis soluckythat I won!But unfortunatelyI
lose mysecondmatch withthe score 18-21, 21-19 and 16-21. The opponentwassostrong
and I wasso tired but yetI still have mythirdmatchwhichfightfor fourth place. Iwon the
fourthplace inthe end.Thisshowsthat I had my self-servingbiaswhichshowedwhenIwon
the firstmatch, I mentionedthe enemywas‘junior’meansthatitiseasyto beathim and I
lose Iwas findingexcuse tocoveritjustlike,Iamout of staminaor enemyistoostrongor
my muscle cramped.
In the nextyear,I was17 year old, the biashappenedwhen Ihadmy trial testformy SPM. It
was testedaroundthe endof the August,itlast about3 weeks. Before that,Iwastooplayful
so I didnot reallyprepare forthe trial exam.WhenIwasForm 5, the first6 months,it is
exactlyhalf yearIwas trappedinan online games.WhyIwas trapped,isbecause atthat
time everyone playingthe same gamesincludedmyfriendsespeciallymybestfriends,Iwas
influencedbythem.Thisisbecause if Ididnotplay I donot have the topicto talk to themor
didnot understandwhatwere themtalkingabout.Ionlystartedmrevisionformystudies
whenJuly,meansthatI donot have much time tostudy,onlytwomonthsto coverwhole
thingsthat teachertaughtinpass few months.So,Idid notscore a flyingcoloursinmytrial
exam. My parentsof course askedme forthe reasonfor gettingthe result,atthat time I
answeredthemthatteacherdidnotteach uswell andsome of themare lazy,or something
like the examistoohard comparedto pass year paperor the format of the examchangedso
it ishard to score.These self-servingbiasIdidwhenIwas17,I blamedothersthatinfluenced
me insteadof sayingI,myself playedtoomuchgamesandblamedthe exampaperistoo
hard.
WhenI was 18, afterI failedmydrivinglicence test, Iusedthe conceptof self-servingbiasto
conceal the shameful thatIfaced. Afterthe all trainingI learned,here comesthe test.The
testactuallydividedintothree parts,firstpartisnamingthe all engine andaccessoriesinthe
car, secondpart is parkingandthirdpart is drive atthe highway.Inthatmorning,Iam so
nervousbecause itisthe firsttime Iwentto the test.I passedthe firsttwoparts, but until
the thirdpart because of nervous,Iwas so trembling,mylegsshake until Icannotevenhold

7. the clutch.WhenI reachedthe junctionandabout to go out,a car ‘fly’passedme,Iam
shockedsoI releasedthe clutchinthe matterof secondandthe car justdroppedanchorand
it stoppedoverthe white line,andIrestarteditand tryingtopretendthere isnothing
happen,butthe testerbeside me toldme tostopat the roadside andswitchthe place with
him,obviouslymeansfailed.Atthattime,Ihadno ideawhyI am fail and I asked,he saidI
had stopthe car overthe white line,andIsaid‘ What? I am readyto go out butmy car had
justdroppedanchor,so onlyitcross overthe line,andthere were carspass throughinfront
of me,I wasforcedto waitthere.”But he replied“Youshouldreverse,man.”Afterthatmy
friendaskedme aboutthe result andI justblamedtowardthe testerandthe environment
at that time justlike whatImentionedabove.IneversaythatI am toonervousandit cause
me to fail,because thisisthe bias.

8. Concept: The Mood-CongruenceEffects
18th
July2014
In psychology,moodcongruence isthe congruencebetweenfeeling,orthe emotionthata
personisexperiencing,andaffectdisplay,orthe mannerinwhichthat emotionis
"presenting",orbeingexpressed. Itcanalso be defined aswhenwe are ingoodmood,we
will rememberall the goodthingshappenedorthe positive detail inthatsituation,inthe
otherhand,whenwe are moodyor inbad moodwe will attractedbythe negative things
happenedandrememberall the negative detail inanysituation.There isalsoamood
dependentmemory,whichthe memoryaffectedbymoodwe have.The followingexamples
showshowit worksinour dailylife.
The firstexperiencethatIexperiencedwhen itismy17th
birthdayparty. In that morning,I
was excited,of course Iam.‘Todayis my birthdayandthere isa party tonight!’Isaid.What I
rememberwasIreceive two‘angpau’frommyparentsand I hadmy Chinese traditional
noodlesasmybreakfastservedwithtworedeggsbymy lovelymother.Afterthat,Iplayed
videogameswithmycousins,whostayovernightwithme.Itissomuch fun,we started
fightingif one of uslose or what,but ourrelationshipneverchange oraffectbythese small
things.Inthe evening,Iwashelpingtodecoratesandpreparedthe foodforthe party,in
reality,Iwasjusta commander,usingmymouthto make sure all worksdone bymy cousins.
Afterall myfriendsreached,the partystarts!First,we chat and allayour hunger.We played
games,sangkaraoke and what I rememberthe mostwasI was prankedbymy friends,
althoughitfeelsreallypainbyfallingdownfromanaccidentshappenedbutpaindoesnot
affectedthe funwe have inthat time.Ireceivedmanypresentsthathave itsownvalue and
all of themrecordedthe goodmemorywe hadon that day.So whatcan conclude here isI
rememberedall the goodmomenthappenedonthatday andI don’treallypayattentionon
whocriedthere,whowere feelingsad,isthere anyone facedtrouble orwhat.A wordcome
to my mindwhenIstartedthinkingthe momentonthatday isjustfun!
The secondstory isabout the negative momentIrememberwhenIfeltsad.WhenIwas14, I
rememberIhadan examwhichisSeni,meansart inEnglish.Thissubjectisn’treally
importantandthe marksdoesnot countedin the final score reportsjustlike CGPA in
university.Sothattime I wasso playful,Ifill the blankspace of the testwithall the name of
my art’steacher,whichisMs Deliaandthe whole paperwashername and I passedup.
Aftera fewweeks,the principlecame toour class,he listedmyname andaskedme follow
himto hisoffice.He askedme whydidyoudidthis,and I answereditisfunand thisexam
paperdoesnot have anymarks inmy average total marks.He was soangry because Isaid
that, he taughtI am not respecthimbut I am justansweredhisquestion,sohe punishedme
witha cane onmy buttsand calledmyparentsto school.My moodon that day wasso angry
because Ido not thinkIdid wrongat that time.Sowhat inside mymemorynow isjuststored
all the negative detailshappenedonthatday,for example Iwaspunished,mybuttwasso
pain,someone laughedonme,scoldedbymyparentsandI had to apologize tothe art’s
teacher.
For the mooddependentmemory,the example thatshowsmostcleariswhenexamination.
WhenI was inhappymood,the more pointsIcan rememberthroughmystudies,andof
course I get a flyingcoloursonthatexam.WhenI am inbad mood,my markswill also
decrease.Here isanexample,adaybefore the exam, Iwasfoundout bymy motherthat I
was checkingmyFacebookinsteadof studying.Of course Iam scoldedbyherand forcedto

9. studyto prepare the examinationinthe nextday.Iwas soangry and moodyat that time soI
doesnotreallystudyforthe testI justreadthrough the booksandjut pretendingthatIam
studyinghard.But whenthe resultcame outI got a C+ grade,whichisaround60 marks and
the subjectwashistory.These experience Ifacedwhat exactlyshow how moodseffectsour
memoryandattitude.

10. Concept: Social Loafing
23th
March 2015
Social loafingisthe phenomenonof people exertinglessefforttoachieve agoal whenthey
workin a group thanwhentheyworkalone. Social loafingoccurswhensomeone is
performingataskas part of group andits individual effortcannotbe identified.Meansthat
the social loafinggroupjustdonothingwhenthere isa grouptasks or do somethingin
groups. The followingisthe examplesbased onmyownexperiencesof social loafing.
Thisstory happenedwhen Ijustcame to Taylor’suniversity.The firstweekinTaylor’sisall
aboutorientation.There isone eventIrememberedthe mostisthe treasure hunt.We hada
biggroup of around 10 person.The firstgame we playedwas rope skipping,all of ushadto
jumpintothe rope whenthe musicstarts and if anyone touchedthe rope itconsideras
challenge fail.Inthe firstgame everyone were well,all of usparticipatesinitwithfull force.
But whenthe nextgame starts,we had to rushfrom the basketball courttoArena,food
court inTaylor’s,some of themwere notrunningtheyjustwalkingwithafasterspeed,the
restis rushingtowardsthe venue includedme,soourgroupjustlike dividedinto twoparts.
The secondgame was somethinglikebowling,we hadtoarrange all the Vitagen’sbottles
and strike themwithabowlingshocks.Itisjusta pairof shocksrolledinaball form.That
time some of us startedsocial loafing,theystartedstandbehindusandwatchingusplaythe
game.Theydoesnot wantto participate initmaybe because of shy,tiredbecause of
runninga longway?No one knows.Hence,we reachedthe thirdsection,whichiswe hadto
blowout10 ping pongballsfroma basketof flour.It isnot veryeasy.Sowe linedupand
startedto blow.Irealisedthatthe social loafingoccursonthe same person,whichtheyjust
simplyblowandthe ball nevercome outaftertheyblew.Theyjustactinglike forcedtodo
somethingthattheydoes notwantedtodo so.The lastgame we playedwaspassing
informationtothe whole grouponlyusingdrawing.Iamsure that the thingwe had to pass
aroundus is the wordwashingmachine,because Iamthe representative todraw a washing
machine first.Then theypassedthe drawingtothe nextperson,the nextpersonhadtocopy
the same thingI had drawn,it repeatsandrepeatsuntil the lastpersonhadto guessabout
whatis the drawing.AfterIhad drawn,I standbeside andlookingattheirdrawing,some of
themdoesnotdraw well, theyjustsimpledraw arectangle anddraw one circle inside ignore
all the details,itisimpossible toguesswhatisit.So we cheated,the lastperson’sfriend
come overme andaskingme forthe answer,I didtell herandshe wentquicklytopass the
message tolastperson.So we completedall the tasksgivenandwe didnotwinanyplaces.
Thiscan clearlyshowsthatsocial loafingoccursina biggroup,that you doesnotneedfull
force to complete atasksbecause some of them will helpyoudoso.
SometimesIaman examplesof social loafingtoo,the storystartat almostthe endof
semesterone of FoundationinNatural BuiltEnvironment(FNBE).Atthattime,thatis almost
4 submissioninaweek,meanswe have tosummitone projectperdayinthat week.There
are twogroup worksand twoindividualtasks.Whenthe submissiondate isnearfor
example the individual taskshadtosummitonMonday andthere is a groupsubmissionon
Tuesday.Thattime our groupleaderaskedusto have a meetingonSundayandmy
individualtaskshave notdone yet,sointhat meetingIactuallydidnotdo anythingandI just
watchingthemto doand I was doingmyindividualtasks.AfterIhave done myindividual
projectthenI onlystart helpingthemdoingjustalittle thingsandpassedforthemtodo.
Theyactuallystayovernighttodo the projectand I cannotstay overnightbecause Ilived

11. quite farfrom Taylorsandmy mothercame to visitme atthe same time,Icannot leave her
alone inthe apartmentand I hadto go home to accompanyher and haddinnerwithher.At
that time,Iwas exactlyasocial loafingguyandI feltsoguiltyafterthat,so I didhelpthemin
Monday night.IpromisedIwon’tdo that againbecause Ihate thiskindof people too.