What is the White Paper on Defense and National Security? The origin of the term white book, comes from the English culture, a parliamentary source documents such as reports or announcements of certain state policies were named as white paper, an example of this was that during the rule of England over Palestine created 3 white books cited as historical fact that in 1948 the British government published a White Paper restricting Jewish immigration and offering independence for Palestine within 10 years of publication. . White papers are official publications, where the government sets out a proposed policy or course of action on an issue of national interest, this book may be, according to the English doctrine, a query to the details of a new legislative proposal and expresses the intention to clear and transparent form of government to pass new legislation.

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A WHITE PAPER FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE AND SECURITY OF
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
BY: COMMANDER ELVIS ABREU ENCARNACION, ARD, (DEMN)
What is the White Paper on Defense and National Security?
The origin of the term white book, comes from the English culture, a parliamentary
source documents such as reports or announcements of certain state policies were
named as white paper, an example of this was that during the rule of England over
Palestine created 3 white books cited as historical fact that in 1948 the British
government published a White Paper restricting Jewish immigration and offering
independence for Palestine within 10 years of publication.
. White papers are official publications, where the government sets out a proposed
policy or course of action on an issue of national interest, this book may be,
according to the English doctrine, a query to the details of a new legislative
proposal and expresses the intention to clear and transparent form of government
to pass new legislation.
Also known as "reference documents" may simply propose a strategy to be applied
to the details of other legislation in the same way can be used to display
approaches to the aspirations of the government on plans and projects of short and
medium term, in this case we refer to a White Paper for National Defense.
Today Latin America indict their resources and made great efforts to create
conditions for development at all levels, from a programmatic and organized
manner; an important tool available to these states in the region is the White Paper
on National Defense; This is a public document that reflects the state of the legal
system, politics posed the concept for the security, defense and development of

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the country and national interests, to show graphically as has proliferated the
application of this instrument in Latin America presents this table.
Argentina - White Paper on National Defense (1999)
- Defense Review (2001) Currently, the Ministry of Defense is working on a new revision.
Bolivia White Paper on Defense (2005).
Brazil It has a National Defense Policy approved by Decree No. 5,484 of June 30, 2005.
Colombia There is a state policy in the defense sector is the Defense Policy
and Democratic Security (2003).
Chile - Paper on National Defense (1997).
- Paper on National Defense (2002).
Ecuador Defense Policy of Ecuador (2002).
El Salvador - Has the document "The Republic of El Salvador: national defense and
its armed forces ", 2004 (first production intended for later
To issue a White Paper) and a document entitled "The Salvadoran nation defense, security and
development" (1998).
Guatemala - National Defense Policy of the Republic of Guatemala (2003).
- Paper on National Defense of the Republic of Guatemala (2005).
Honduras White Paper on Defense (2006).
Mexico White Paper on Defense (2005).
Nicaragua White Paper on Defense (2004).
Paraguay White Paper on Defense (2013).
Peru White Paper on Defense (2005).
Dominican Republic In foreclosure defense white paper
Uruguay "The National Defense: contributions to a debate," 2005 and another entitled "Basis for a National
Defense Policy" (1999).
Venezuela Organic Law on Security and Defense (1976), (2002)
Source: Dr. Sonia Winer (2013), Defense and Security Policy in Latin Stage; RESDAL Publication, (2009).
EL White Paper presents among other things, the strategic policy framework for
defense planning in an expanded concept, with a medium-term perspective, it is
therefore important that the Dominican Republic, in the process it is mired in
regarding the modernization of the legal framework governing the armed forces,
establish the need for tailor its White Paper for National Defense.
Dominican Republic is developing wills aimed at establishing its policy regarding
the concept of security and defense, example is the modification made to the
Organic Law of the Armed Forces, contained in Law No. 139-13 September 13
2013, this change affects the concept in several respects, for example in its
preamble states that "the State in its effort to ensure its own security and defense
should focus its military corps to change their structure and functions so that they
can be integrated to efforts that seek to protect the local environment overall

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regional, hemispheric and "; also notes in its fifth recital that "the Ministry of the
Armed Forces, an instance of the executive branch has expanded the scope of its
traditional performance, happening to have agencies with missions related to
security and national development" and the very essence of name the law in its 3rd
article. Change the name to Ministry of Defense (MEAS) ministry responsible for
the direction and overall conduct of the armed forces; likewise provides in Article
4to. Numeral 13 is the MEASURED establishment of the state, responsible for
implementing security policies and defense of the country.
Another point of Law No. 139-13, which directly affects the security and defense
concept is that in Chapter II, Section I, Article 8 (Mission of the ground force), as
paragraph 10 states: "Ensure , control and defend the land border from the threat
that threatens national security interests or that may affect the Dominican cultural
identity ", this specific numeral shows, without mentioning it directly, generating
concern and importance is given to the issue of illegal immigration, as an element
affecting state security and national cultural identity.
Result of this effort by the State, the Directive was drawn Security and National
Defense by Presidential Decree No. 189-07 dated April 3, 2007, which stated in
Article III, paragraph 1) Definition and Identification of the National Objectives; in
paragraph 2) Adoption of a Law on National Security and Defense; and in
paragraph 4) Publication of the Book of Defense, which agrees as follows:
"Vision and national perspectives of the defense and the
features and application of the concept of national security
policy will be defined."
It's time for the Dominican Republic expedite the process of achieving the
provisions of the directive, in order to continue the reorganization of its security and
defense, based on new and existing models, thus translating into black and white
your position on the regional strategic environment; his role in the same face to the
times; various international cooperation agreements it has signed the Dominican
State, as well as the position in the framework of its policy to protect national
interests.

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It is public knowledge that in line with the current reality of the country, as
archipelagic state recently declared by Act No. 66-07; promulgated on May 22,
2007; national interests in relation to the exclusive economic zone and the
Dominican territorial waters, have expanded considerably, creating an adverse
diplomatic situation with neighboring countries, which calls to take an official
position regarding this case, which , should be reflected in the book referred to in
this manner clearly publishing the country's position and so ventilate such cases
the relevant international forums.
Regarding strategic area of Dominican Republic, both for its geographical position
and its economic significance to the region, the country will have to make official
positions against their interests and agreements it has signed, taking care not
putting any interest above the national.
The Dominican government should review its position on the case of globalization,
which brings changes in all aspects, as this phenomenon progresses keeping the
country in a situation of asymmetric growth means that economic growth is not
balanced or among nations and among its citizens.
The result of these processes is manifested in the emergence of new regional
poles of economic and ideological nature, in this situation the strategic landscape
will tend to change based on national interests and geographical environment,
taking clear that the hegemonic countries will pressure for their interests in the
region, therefore the Dominican government should stop embodied in that book, its
strategic position on the bilateral and multilateral relations in the region, as
important as issues are: a) Diplomacy; b) Economics; c) Migration; d) Defense; e)
Military Cooperation; f) Boundary Situation; g) Cooperation and Exchange of
Industrial Technology; h) Foreign Trade, among others.
Today seen as the functional structure of the state is affected by the political and
economic decisions taken by the government in different orders, often in response
to pressure from international nongovernmental organizations cut (NGOs), the
performance of these and the new context created by their agendas, ultimately
generating a porous borders both physical and virtual, which influences the
pyramidal structure of the state and also in the cultural identity of the nation.

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Despite some changes in the absolute meaning of the concept of sovereignty,
influenced by the current reality of the interests of the hegemonic countries and the
accession to international treaties, the state remains the central actor and
instrumental relationships of power in international forums and not (NGOs), which
operated in the international arena, so the country must adapt to the new
conditions set by the geostrategic reality, without losing sight of its intention, its
national interests and right it to self-determination.
The political context and current diplomatic, creating what is now referred to as
border porosity which influences the customs and traditions of national culture
transforming their structure result of the influence of uncontrolled immigration and
globalized media that serve channel for the bombardment of information, which is
aimed at weakening the position of Dominican Republic against migrant diplomats
from other players in the international theater interests, placing both the Dominican
State and members of their society, in a sensitive position due to the action of the
new forms of threats and risks to the global world.
The consolidation of political and economic structure of Dominican Republic, poses
to the community and the CARICOM countries in the Central American and South
American community of nations, a positive factor in the context of regional
cooperation, and that the Dominican state represents a value aggregate that has to
do with its geopolitical importance in the region.
The consolidation referred to in the preceding paragraph, is reflected in a greater
capacity for dialogue on equal terms to Dominican Republic in regional forums, this
results in equilibrium at the time of decision making in the international order,
paving the way for cooperation on regional and individual security; Hence the
importance of the preparation of the defense white paper, published to leave
policies and strategies both comprehensive development and defense.
The White Paper on National Defense, will be a tool, without having the force of
law, act as an official manual nature that efficient and clarify the role of Dominican
Republic on stage that corresponds to power in the pursuit of national interests to
adverse situations, problems remaining fruit of past situations and new dangers.

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Although since the geographical context and immigration the country is established
by current laws and signed international agreements in the past, it is vital that they
are highlighted in detail in the White Paper on National Defense, with special care
and detail in maritime delimitation the which after the declaration of archipelagic
state by the Dominican Republic, has put the country on roads found with the
interests of other nations friends and neighbors, as well as emphasize the
importance for the country, the issue of illegal immigration, which constitutes an
element that has a negative impact on the security of the State.
Also should be left set of factors such as birth and death of the population and
population density by region, etc.., Terrestrial and maritime border territorial limits
as political structure, economic and productive characteristics of the regions and
essential factor of the environment in different ecosystems, for which the Defense
White Paper should be fed to existing legislation and official publications that
address these issues.
In order of new threats facing countries today, are among others, terrorism,
fundamentalism, proliferation of chemical and nuclear weapons, smuggling, illegal
migration, drug trafficking, environmental destruction by pollution among others, all
these or most of the threats mentioned can be summarized in one concept,
organized crime, illicit activities such states categorized as threats to the national
security so requires special measures both the prosecution and prevention of
these, both internally and in the field of international cooperation.
These threats, some of them never before faced by the states, cause effects on the
security and defense of the same, leading them to create legal provisions and the
internal repression, as well as multilateral cooperation mechanisms to combat
these scourges therefore Defense White Paper should bring all these threatening
elements content and raise its policy of addressing these, an example would
expose the country in this book his refusal against the proliferation of chemical and
nuclear weapons, or no support for the intervention or armed aggression on
sovereign countries as established by the Dominican constitution in Chapter I,
Article 3 which refers to "The inviolability of sovereignty and non-intervention
principle."

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There is now a widespread perception of decreased chances of an armed conflict
of a global nature, whether nuclear or conventional; Now there is a proliferation
global conflict focused on a framework of regional or local insecurity and
unforeseen crises appearing announced by signs of tension, sometimes the
difficulty of interpreting these signs that precede conflicts prevented from taking
measures to avoid the outbreak of the same, now the Dominican Republic
presents some indicators of stress related to immigration.
In this regard it is noted that after the publication by the Constitutional Court of the
Dominican Amparo Judgment No. 168-13, the international community took a
leading role to become a tool in order to pressure the Dominican government that
the unknown application of its laws to thereby accommodate the desires and
interests other than its own.
This incident also created within the CARICOM, where members of the press to
punish conclave Dominican Republic preventing this from becoming a full member
of this forum, also has begun an aggressive campaign seeking even the country is
withdraw the benefits of coming under the umbrella of the Petrocaribe agreement
and demonstrated that the migration issue should be focused on the White Paper
on Defense and national security issue as presented by the Law 139-13, Organic
Law of the Armed Forces Chapter II, Section I, Article 8 in item 10 (Mission of the
ground force), and that this issue threatens to topics as crucial as it is the fuel and
international cooperation.
In conclusion the Defense White Paper is an important tool as a tool for medium-
term planning for both the security and defense of the State and the development
of the country which has become law without legal basis to be a document of
strategic level which transparently plasma facing countries in the region and the
world national interests and the official position of the country on issues that could
lead to conflicts with diplomatic status in the regional context.

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References:
 Constitución de la República Dominicana, proclamada el 26 de enero, Publicada en la Gaceta Oficial
No. 10561, del 26 de enero de 2010.
 Ley Orgánica de las Fuerzas Armadas de República Dominicana, No. 139-13 del 13 de septiembre
de2013.
 Ley No. 66-07 que declara la República Dominicana como Estado Archipelágico.
 Texto de una gestión conjunta realizada el 18 de octubre de 2007 por el Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña
e Irlanda del Norte y los Estados Unidos de América en relación con la ley de República Dominicana
número 66-07, de 22 de mayo de 2007.
 Libro Blanco de la Defensa Nacional del Perú.
 Libro Blanco de la República de Argentina.
 Decreto Presidencial No. 189-07 de fecha 3 de Abril del 2007.
 Sentencia TC/0168/13.
 Karla Santaella (2012), Seguridad y Defensa Nacional.