pond construction

3. Submitted to: Dr Maria Course title : Aquaculture and
fisheries
Submitted BY:
Name: Hira Shabbir
Roll # :

4. Physical and chemical parameters of water in
which aquaculture is to be done is very important
in deciding the suitability of water body for successful
culture.
These parameters would differ depending on the type of
water body.

5.  Temperature
 Water condition
 Depth
 Muddy and transparent water
 Light
 Turbidity
 color

6.  fish is a cold blooded animal its body
temperature changes according to environment.
 Temperature effects the metabolism of fish,
physiology and affecting the production o fish.

7.  High temperature
Increase the plant
respiratory rate and bio-
chemical activity of
microbes that increase the
demand of oxygen.
 So high temperature is
lethal for fishes.

9. Pond have different temperature in
different layers this is called the
thermal stratification.

10.  Depth of water is very important for fish
farming.
 It would be at least 1.5meter and the highest
is 3meter.
 2m depth is the ideal depth of pond for
successful fish farming.

11.  HIGH Depth: The sunlight cant reach the basal
level of bond so the production of natural food is
reduced. Fish suffering by the lack of oxygen
growth of fish is stopped.
 small Depth: if the depth of water is small then
water hot quickly and harmful aquatic weeds may
grow.

12.  Transparent water: If the
transparency of water is
25cm then the production of
pond become high.
 Muddy water: muddy water
increase the food demand of
fish. Sunlight cant enter into
the pond. plankton
production reduced and it
stopped growth of fish.

13.  sunlight effects the fish
pond
It helps for the
production of
phytoplankton's.
Phytoplankton's: they
increase the amount of
dissolved oxygen and it
also helpful in the food
chain.

14.  The chemical parameters are very important for fish pond
because some parameters have lethal and sub lethal effects.
 There are some parameters are
 Dissolved oxygen
 Carbon dioxide
 pH
 Hardness
 Alkalinity
 Salinity
 Nutrient level

15.  Dissolved oxygen is
different in different water
depth.
 If the dissolved oxygen is
reduced then its lethal for
fishes.
 Dissolved oxygen increase
the freshness of fish pond
water.

17.  Carbon dioxide content in air is only 0.03%, but
it is highly soluble in water unlike to oxygen.
 Carbon dioxide may be free ( dissolved) or
bound form (bicarbonate and carbonate) in
water depending on the pH of water.
 It is dissolved 200 times more quickly in water
than Oxygen.
 Pollution can produce to much carbon dioxide
in water.
 Due to large amount of carbon dioxide fishes
even can suffocate and die.

19.  It is the numeric value that indicates the
relative acidity or alkalinity of water.
 Mostly fishes prefer the pH of 6.5-9.
 pH level fluctuate daily and this fluctuation
interlinked with Carbon dioxide, oxygen,
respiration and photosynthesis.
 pH is more acidic in night due to lot of amount
of carbon dioxide
 Day time water become alkaline because many
carbon dioxide consumed at that time.

21.  Water hardness is the measure of divalent
ion in water like calcium and magnesium.
 It influences the osmoregulation of fishes.
 Many diseases are treated with hard water.