5. OPTICAL CHARACTER
READER
Optical character recognition, usually
abbreviated to OCR
An OCR is an input device that uses light to
read and recognise a symbol. It is used to
read a price tag, or in an office to read
entire document.
6. OPTICAL CHARACTER
READER
OCR, is the mechanical or electronic conversion of
scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or
printed text into machine-encoded text.
It is widely used as a form of data entry from some
sort of original paper data source, whether
documents, sales receipts, mail, or any number of
printed records.
It is a common method of digitizing printed texts so
that they can be electronically searched, stored
more compactly, displayed on-line, and used in
machine processes such as machine translation,
text-to-speech. OCR is a field of research in
pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and
10. OMR
Optical Mark reading (OMR) is a method of
entering data into a computer system.
Optical Mark Readers "read" pencil or pen marks
made in pre-defined positions on paper forms as
responses to questions or tick list prompts.
The OMR data entry system contains the
information to convert the presence or absence
of marks into a computer data file.
OMR is a different technology from apparently
similar automated data entry techniques, such as
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) or
barcodes, although in many cases these
techniques may be used in conjunction with
OMR.
11. OMR mechanism in
questionnaire
The correct answer to
question1is E.
OMR software is
programmed to detect
position of all the shaded
regions on the paper.
If a shaded region is
detected in position
E(and no other position)
for question1,it will award
a mark.
12. OCR OMR
Extracts image data from
scanned document
Text produced is not
always accurate
especially if original
document has smudged
text
Much suitable for visual
impaired people who will
use text to speech
softawre
Extracts data from
specially prepared data
collection form
Forms can only be read
accurately if marks are
nicely filled.
Extremely fast method of
input data as marks are
only needed to be
detected
Comparison of OCR with OMR
14. Magnetic ink character recognition
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, or
MICR, is a character recognition technology
used primarily by the banking industry to
facilitate the processing of cheques.
The technology allows computers to read
information (such as account numbers) off of
printed documents.
Unlike barcodes or similar technologies,
however, MICR codes can be easily read by
humans.
MICR characters are printed in special
typefaces with a magnetic ink or toner
17. Barcode Readers
It helps keep the pricing more accurate than
humans simply keying in a price would.
It also helps a company know exactly how much of
an item they have in stock or when they run out of
an item, so it helps them keep up with their
inventory.
Because it does help the company keep better track
on inventory and know exactly what they have and
don’t have, it means you are less likely to want an
item they are out of because once they are alerted
that they are out of something, they can immediately
reorder it. It also may save you money for data
entry errors on prices.
19. Barcode reader at super
market(POS)
1. Every product in super market has a unique number called
called UPC(universal product code)
2. This code represents manufecturer and individual product in
the form of vertical bars called BAR CODE
3. The zebra stripes can be sensed and read by a bar code reader
,a photoelectric scanner that reads the code with the help of
laser
4. The laser Scanner is fixed to every POS which is equipped with
a processor and decoding software.
5. This sends a signal to the computer of POS for each decoded
character
6. When a bar code reader is passed over a barcode it identifies
the product to the store ‘s computer
7. The code does not contain price .Price is stored in database
which can be changed later
8. The computer automatically tells the POS terminal what price
is,and printer prints the item description and price on a paper
for customer
20. Advantages Disadvantages
Primarily used in super
markets
Inexpensive and reliable
way to get data into
computer
Indispensible for
inventory systems
Difficult to read obscured
marks
Pros and cons
21. CASE STUDY
In Brisbane ,Australia a bar code reader is
used by the company “The Australian
Red cross” for verification of blood type
labels. See the picture and suggest how
would be it helpful for this industry
24. Radio Frequency Identification Tag Reader
An RFID reader is a device that is used
to interrogate an RFID tag. The reader
has an antenna that emits radio waves;
the tag responds by sending back its
data.
25. Components of RFID reader
A Radio-Frequency IDentification
system has three parts
: A scanning antenna
A transceiver with a decoder to
interpret the data
A transponder - the RFID tag - that
has been programmed with
information.
26. What is RFID process??????
Transceive
r
Transpond
er
27. Working of RFID
The scanning antenna puts out radio-frequency
signals in a relatively short
range.
The RF radiation does two things:
1.It provides a means of communicating
with the transponder (the RFID tag)
1I.It provides the RFID tag with the
energy to communicate
28. Process continued
When an RFID tag passes through the
field of the scanning antenna, it
detects the activation signal from the
antenna. That "wakes up" the RFID
chip, and it transmits the information
on its microchip to be picked up by the
scanning antenna.
29. RFID codes
Electronic product code(EPC) stored in
RFID tag has 96 bits ----------2^96 possible
codes
Out of 96 28 are reserved for identifying
upto 2^28 managers of item (maufecturer)
Another 24 bits are reserved for identifying
upto 2^24 classes of item(products)
Remaining 36 items are reserved for seriel
numbers 2^36 instances of each item
30. Facts about RFID tags
RFID tags do not need to contain
batteries, and can therefore remain
usable for very long periods of time
(maybe decades).
The scanning antennas can be
permanently affixed to a surface
31. (1)Radio tags are placed on a carton
(2)Dairy ship
cartons to
grocery stores
(3) Customers
purchase tag
cartons
(4) Customers recycle milk carton
(5)Manufecturer
produces
replacement
32. Applications of RFID
technology
Merchandise
Library books
Vehicles for parking & toll charges
Hotel room keycards
Documents
Baggage and luggage at airports
33. Advantages Disadvantages
In stock control
At super market check
outs
Product recall....tracked
to particular purchaser
More costly tags then
printed barcodes
Unauthorized person can
read RFID tag in transit
Lots of processing is
involved
PROS & CONS
34. Imagine that you have brought clothes,
accessories with RFID tags.They
cannot be seen easily or remove
because that would have reduced
security in the shops where you have
brought them.
Q1.Who could track your whereabouts
as you go in and out of shops/public
transports while wearing and carrying
these items?
Q2.How can you shield the tags ?
36. Smart Card Readers
A smart card reader is an electronic device
that reads smart cards and can be found in
the following forms:
Some keyboards have a built-in card reader.
External devices and internal drive bay card
reader devices exist for personal computers
(PC).
Some laptop models contain a built-in smart
card reader and/or utilize flash upgradeable
firmware.
37. Features of smart cards
Debit and credit cards have always a
magnetic stripe on the back.
This magnetic strip the
I. Card number
II. Expiry date
III. PIN(personal identification number)
38. Chip and Pin
The UK name for an
international
standard for the use
of smart cards to
improve security of
debit and credit card
transactions.
It is equipped with
microcontroller chip
embedded in plastic
behind electric
contact pad
40. How does a smart card reader
work?
I. User put the card in smart card reader
II. The metal contact pad on the surface of
card connects the chip to the reader
III. Cryptographic technique is used to check
IV. that card is authentic and has not
expired
V. User enters four digit PIN code by
numeric keypad on the reader
VI. PIN is encrypted and checked against
encrypted PIN stored in the chip.
VII. If match is made payment is authorized
42. Benefits of smart cards
Buying good and services
Card storing e-cash(e-shopping)
Cards storing holder’s medical record
Driving licence cards
Id cards
43. Points to remember
Smart card sometimes are contactless
they use similar technology like RFID
Where security is not so important
there could be card without a
microprocessor
having non-volatile memory
44. Advantages Disadvantages
Difficult to clone
If PIN is shared or seen
Card can be stolen
Pros &Cons
45. Hometask
Two barcode systems in commercial use
are
EuropeanArticleNumber(EAN)
&
Universal Product Code(UPC)
Q.Find out the possible difference
between them
