3. Forces for Change
The EnvironmentThe Environment
The internal and external business environments require change in anThe internal and external business environments require change in an
organization, and the organization needs to be proactive, rather thanorganization, and the organization needs to be proactive, rather than
merely reactive, to the environment.merely reactive, to the environment.
The Management Functions and ChangeThe Management Functions and Change
When managers organize and delegate tasks, they often requireWhen managers organize and delegate tasks, they often require
employees to make some changes in their regular routine.Whenemployees to make some changes in their regular routine.When
managers hire, orient, train, and evaluate performance, change ismanagers hire, orient, train, and evaluate performance, change is
required.required.
4. Forces for Change
Incremental Change (Transactional Change):Incremental Change (Transactional Change):
Continual improvement that takes place within alreadyContinual improvement that takes place within already
accepted frameworks, value systems, or organizationalaccepted frameworks, value systems, or organizational
structure that is necessary for survival and success.structure that is necessary for survival and success.
Radical Change (Transformational Change):Radical Change (Transformational Change):
Rapid change in strategy, structure, technology, orRapid change in strategy, structure, technology, or
people that alters accepted frameworks, value systems,people that alters accepted frameworks, value systems,
or organizational structure.or organizational structure.
5. Sources of Resistance to ChangeSources of Resistance to Change
FactsFacts
Provable statements that identify reality.Provable statements that identify reality.
BeliefsBeliefs
Subjective opinions that cannot be proven.Subjective opinions that cannot be proven.
ValuesValues
What people believe are important and worth pursuingWhat people believe are important and worth pursuing
or doing.or doing.
SelfSelf
The reaction of individuals who feel their self-interestsThe reaction of individuals who feel their self-interests
are threatened by change.are threatened by change.
OthersOthers
The consideration given to how others will be affectedThe consideration given to how others will be affected
by change.by change.
Work EnvironmentWork Environment
Change in the working environment threatensChange in the working environment threatens
individuals control of the environment.individuals control of the environment.
6. Sources of Resistance to ChangeSources of Resistance to Change
FactsFacts
Provable statements that identify reality.Provable statements that identify reality.
BeliefsBeliefs
Subjective opinions that cannot be proven.Subjective opinions that cannot be proven.
ValuesValues
What people believe are important and worth pursuingWhat people believe are important and worth pursuing
or doing.or doing.
SelfSelf
The reaction of individuals who feel their self-interestsThe reaction of individuals who feel their self-interests
are threatened by change.are threatened by change.
OthersOthers
The consideration given to how others will be affectedThe consideration given to how others will be affected
by change.by change.
Work EnvironmentWork Environment
Change in the working environment threatensChange in the working environment threatens
individuals control of the environment.individuals control of the environment.
7. Sources of Resistance to ChangeSources of Resistance to Change
FactsFacts
Provable statements that identify reality.Provable statements that identify reality.
BeliefsBeliefs
Subjective opinions that cannot be proven.Subjective opinions that cannot be proven.
ValuesValues
What people believe are important and worth pursuingWhat people believe are important and worth pursuing
or doing.or doing.
SelfSelf
The reaction of individuals who feel their self-interestsThe reaction of individuals who feel their self-interests
are threatened by change.are threatened by change.
OthersOthers
The consideration given to how others will be affectedThe consideration given to how others will be affected
by change.by change.
Work EnvironmentWork Environment
Change in the working environment threatensChange in the working environment threatens
individuals control of the environment.individuals control of the environment.
