1. You can make more friends in two
months by becoming interested in other
people than you can in two years by
trying to get other people interested in
you - Dale Carnegie
Men acquire a particular quality by
constantly acting in a particular manner
-Aristotle
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2. Learning Objectives
1. Identify the determinants personality.
2. Explain the Big Five personality model.
3. Explain the major personality attributes
influencing OB
4. Explain the relation between personality
and behavior
5. Explain the impact of job and organization
on the personality.
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3. • The word "personality"
originates from the Latin
“persona”, which means
mask.
• In the ancient theatre the
mask was used to
represent the character.
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4. Personality
CONCEPT
• The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and
interacts with others.
- SP Robbins
• Personality is the relatively stable set of psychological
attributes that distinguish one person from another.
-Moorhead & Griffin
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5. Determinants of Personality
A. Nature B. Nurture
1. Biological Factors 2. Cultural Factors
1. Heredity 3. Family and Social
2. Physical Features Factors
4. Situational Factors
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6. The Big Five Model of Personality Dimensions
1. Extroversion
Sociable, Outgoing, and Talkative
2. Agreeableness
Caring, cooperative, and trusting.
3. Conscientiousness
Careful, dependable, self-disciplined.
4. Emotional Stability
Calm and self-confident
Openness to Experience
5. Imaginativeness, artistic, curious, and intellectualism.
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7. How Do the Big Five Traits Predict
Behavior?
1. Certain traits have been shown to strongly relate to
higher job performance:
1. Highly conscientious people develop more job
knowledge, exert greater effort, and have better
performance.
Other Big Five Traits also have implications for work.
2. Emotional stability is related to job satisfaction.
3. Extroverts tend to be happier in their jobs and have
good social skills.
4. Open people are more creative and can be good
leaders.
5. Agreeable people are good in social settings.
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8. Major Personality Attributes
Influencing OB
• Locus of control
• Machiavellianism
• Self-esteem
• Self-monitoring
• Risk taking
• Personality Type
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9. Locus of Control
Locus of Control
The degree to which people believe they
are masters of their own fate.
Internals
Individuals who believe that they
control what happens to them.
Externals
Individuals who believe that
what happens to them is
controlled by outside forces
such as luck or chance.
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10. Machiavellianism
Machiavellianism (Mach)
Degree to which an individual is practical, logical,
maintains emotional distance, and believes that
ends can justify means.
Derived after the name of Niccolo Machiavelli,
who wrote in 16th century on how to gain and use
power
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11. Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring
Self-Esteem (SE)
Individuals’ degree of liking or
disliking themselves.
Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that
measures an individuals ability
to adjust his or her behavior to
external, situational factors.
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12. Risk-Taking
• High Risk-taking Managers
– Make quicker decisions
– Use less information to make decisions
– Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial organizations
• Low Risk-taking Managers
– Are slower to make decisions
– Require more information before making decisions
– Exist in larger organizations with stable environments.
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13. Personality Types
Type A’s
1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;
2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place;
3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;
4. cannot cope with leisure time;
5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how
many or how much of everything they acquire.
Type B’s
1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience;
2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements
or accomplishments;
3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their
superiority at any cost;
4. can relax without guilt.
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14. Personality and Behavior
B = f(P, E)
The person (P) The environment (E)
Key personal biographical Key environmental factors:
factors: Economic conditions, political
Sex, age, education, abilities, situations, Socio-cultural
material status etc norms and values etc.
Psychological factors: Organizational factors:
Attitudes, values, beliefs, Physical facilities,
motivation, perception, organizational structure and
personality etc. design, leadership styles,
reward system etc.
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15. Linking Personality to the Workplace
Personality-Job Fit Theory (John Holland)
Identifies six personality types and proposes that the
fit between personality type and occupational
environment determines satisfaction and turnover.
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16. Holland’s
Typology
of
Personalit
y
and
Congruent
Occupatio
ns
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17. Linking Personality to the
Workplace
Person-Organization Fit:
– The employee’s personality must fit with the
organizational culture.
– People are attracted to organizations that match their
values.
– Those who match are most likely to be selected.
– Mismatches will result in turnover.
– Can use the Big Five personality types to match to
the organizational culture.
Sunday, February 17, 2013
