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https://airccse.org/journal/hiij/index.html

A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF CLOUD
COMPUTING IN EHEALTH
Yan Hu and Guohua Bai
Department of Creative Technologies, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing in eHealthis an emerging area for only few years. There needs to identify the
state of the art and pinpoint challenges and possible directions for researchers and applications
developers. Based on this need, we have conducted a systematic review of cloud computing in
eHealth. We searched ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Inspec, ISI Web of Science and
Springer as well as relevant open-access journals for relevant articles. A total of 237 studies were
first searched, of which 44 papers met the Include Criteria. The studies identified three types of
studied areas about cloud computing in eHealth, namely (1) cloud-based eHealth framework
design (n=13);(2) applications of cloud computing (n=17); and (3) security or privacy control
mechanisms of healthcare data in the cloud (n=14). Most of the studies in the review were about
designs and concept-proof. Only very few studies have evaluated their research in the real world,
which may indicate that the application of cloud computing in eHealth is still very immature.
However, our presented review could pinpoint that a hybrid cloud platform with mixed access
control and security protection mechanisms will be a main research area for developing citizen
centred home-based healthcare applications.
KEYWORDS
Systematic review, eHealth, cloud computing, home-based healthcare
For More Details: http://airccse.org/journal/hiij/papers/3414hiij02.pdf
Volume Link: https://airccse.org/journal/hiij/Current2014.html

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PARKINSON'S DISEASE MOTOR SYMPTOMS IN MACHINE
LEARNING: A REVIEW
Claas Ahlrichs and Michael Lawo
Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, PO Box 330 440, 28334 ,Bremen, Germany
ABSTRACT
This paper reviews related work and state-of-the-art publications for recognizing motor symptoms of
Parkinson's Disease (PD). It presents research efforts that were undertaken to inform on how well
traditional machine learning algorithms can handle this task. In particular, four PD related motor
symptoms are highlighted (i.e. tremor, bradykinesia, freezing of gait and dyskinesia) and their details
summarized. Thus the primary objective of this research is to provide a literary foundation for
development and improvement of algorithms for detecting PD related motor symptoms.
KEYWORDS
Parkinson's Disease, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Review, State-of-the-Art
For More Details: http://airccse.org/journal/hiij/papers/2413hiij01.pdf

REFERENCES
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AUTHORS
Claas Ahlrichs is a PhD. candidate at Universitaet Bremen, where he studied computer
science with a focus on artificial intelligence and wearable computing. He graduated with
his thesis “Development and Evaluation of an Abstract User Interface for Performing
Maintenance Scenarios with Wearable Computers” in 2011. Since 2008, Ahlrichs is
involved at the Center for Computing and Communication Technologies (TZI)
Technologies in the field of wearable computing. Furthermore, he has been involved in
several regional and international research projects (ITASSIT, HELP, REMPARK) related
to health care, human computer interaction and wearable computing. Currently, he works as a software
developer at neusta mobile solutions GmbH in Bremen
Prof. Dr. Michael Lawo is since 2004 at TZI (www.tzi.de) of the Universitaet Bremen, and since 2009 one
of the two Managing Directors of neusta mobile solutions GmbH. He is professor for applied computer
science at Universitaet Bremen, member of the steering board of Logdynamics
(www.logdynamics.de) and involved in numerous projects of logistics, wearable
computing and artificial intelligence. He had been the CEO of a group of SME in the IT
domain since 1999 with a focus on the development and marketing of virtual reality
simulators for surgeons; from 1996 to 2000 he was CEO of an IT consulting firm and
from 1991 to 1995 top manager information systems with the Bremer Vulkan group.
Michael Lawo was consultant before joining the nuclear research centre in Karlsruhe
from 1987 to 1991 as head of the industrial robotics department. He is a 1975 graduate of structural
engineering of Ruhr Universität Bochum, received his PhD from Universität Essen in 1981 and became
professor in structural optimisation there in 1992. In 2000 he was appointed as professor of honour of the
Harbin/China College of Administration & Management. He is author, co-author and co-publisher of eight
books and more than 150 scientific papers on numerical methods and computer applications also in
logistics, healthcare, optimization, IT-security, sensorial materials and wearable computing

PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS IN SAUDI ARABIA: A
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Rihab Hasanain1
, Kirsten Vallmuur2
and Michele Clark3
1
School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology,
Brisbane, Australia
2
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,
Australia
3
School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
ABSTRACT
Electronic Medical Record (Emr) Systems Are Being Implemented Increasingly Worldwide.
Saudi Arabia Is One Of Developing Countries That Commenced Implementing Such Systems
In 1988. Whilst Emr Uptake Has Been Low In Saudi Arabia Until Now, A Number Of
Hospitals Have Implemented Emr Systems Successfully. This Paper Analyses Available
Studies (N=28) In The Literature Regarding Emr Implantation In Saudi Arabia To Identify The
Progress Of Emr Implementation To Date And To Identify The Facilitators And Barriers To
Implementation.
Keywords
Electronic Medical Records; Health Information Systems; Saudi Arabia.
For More Details: https://airccse.org/journal/hiij/papers/3214hiij01.pdf

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implemented at a teaching hospital in saudi arabia. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2007;82(5-6):347- 64.
[25] Almalki M, Fitzgerald G, Clark M. Health care system in Saudi Arabia: an overview. East Mediterr
Health J. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review]. 2011 Oct;17(10):784-93.
[26] Middleton B, Bloomrosen M, Dente MA, Hashmat B, Koppel R, Overhage JM, et al. Enhancing
patient safety and quality of care by improving the usability of electronic health record systems:
recommendations from AMIA. J Am Med Inform Assoc. [Guideline]. 2013 Jun;20(e1):e2-8.
[27] Unertl KM, Johnson KB, Lorenzi NM. Health information exchange technology on the front lines of
healthcare: workflow factors and patterns of use. J Am Med Inform Assoc. [Multicenter Study, Research
Support, N.I.H., Extramural,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.].
2012 May-Jun;19(3):392-400.
Authors
Rihab Hasanain is a PhD candidate in Health Services Management, School of Public Health and
Social Work at Queensland University of Technology. Her topic of research is focusing on EMRs
implementation in public hospitals in Saudi Arabia.
Dr. Kirsten Vallmuur is the associate supervisor. She is the Senior Research Fellow with the Centre for
Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland. She has expertise in the analysis and understanding
of large morbidity and mortality coded data sets, injury surveillance systems, trauma data linkage,
health classifications and injury classifications. She is a member of the World Health Organisation
ICD-11 Revision Topic Advisory Group for Injury and External causes, and is the chair of the research
committee for the Australasian Mortality Data Interest Group.
Professor Michele Clark is an allied health professional and has worked as a both a clinician and senior
researcher. Prof Clark is a former recipient of a NHMRC Post-doctoral fellowship and has an extensive
research background in prehospital and emergency care utilization patterns, aged care and policy
implementation. She was the Inaugural Director of the Australian Centre for Prehospital Research,
which was a collaborative centre of the Qld Ambulance Service and the University of Queensland.
Career highlights include working at the United Nations in New York for International Year of Older
Persons and being a former Assistant Commissioner (Allied Health) on the Health Quality and
Complaints Commission.

MEDICAL IMAGES AUTHENTICATION THROUGH
WATERMARKING PRESERVING ROI
Sonika C. Rathi1
and Vandana S. Inamdar2
1Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering Pune, Shivajinagar, Pune University,
Maharashtra, India
2Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering Pune, Shivajinagar, Pune University,
Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Telemedicine is a well-known application where enormous amount of medical data need to be
securely transferred over the public network and manipulate effectively. Medical image
watermarking is an appropriate method used for enhancing security and authentication of
medical data, which is crucial and used for further diagnosis and reference. This project focuses
on the study of medical image watermarking methods for protecting and authenticating medical
data. Additionally, it covers algorithm for application of water marking technique on Region of
Non Interest (RONI) of the medical image preserving Region of Interest (ROI). The medical
images can be transferred securely by embedding watermarks in RONI allowing verification of
the legitimate changes at the receiving end without affecting ROI. Segmentation plays an
important role in medical image processing for separating the ROI from medical image. The
proposed system separate the ROI from medical image by GUI based approach, which works
for all types of medical images. The experimental results show the satisfactory performance of
the system to authenticate the medical images preserving ROI.
KEYWORDS
ROI & RONI, Segmentation, Authentication, security, medical confidentiality
For More Details: https://airccse.org/journal/hiij/Current2014.html
Volume Link: https://airccse.org/journal/hiij/Current.html

REFERENCES
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[2] Imen Fourati Kallel, Mohamed Kallel, Mohamed Salim BOUHLEL, (2006 ) “A Secure fragile
Watermarking Algorithm for medical Image Authentication in the DCT Domain”, IEEE
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[7] Nisar Ahmed Memon, Anwar Majid Mirza, and S.A.M. Gilani, (2006) “Segmentation of Lungs from CT
Scan Images for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and
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for Organ Segmentation in CT Scan Volumes”, IEEE Trans. on biomedical information, vol. 58, no. 9,
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Pulmonary Nodules on CT Scans”, RadioGraphics, vol. 19, pp. 1303-1311
[17] Julian Kerr, (May 2000) “The TRACE method for Segmentation of Lungs from Chest CT images by
Deterministic Edge Linking”, University of New South Wales, Department of Artificial Intelligence,
Australia
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for Accurate Quantitiation of Volumetric X-Ray CT images”, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol.
20, No. 6
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and Identification of Lung Abnormalities in Chest Spiral CT Scans: Phase 1”, International Conference on
Biomedical Engineering, Cairo, Egypt
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with Knowledge-guided Robust Active Contours”, Radiographics, vol. 22, pp. 437-448
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nodules on CT utilizing a local density maximum algorithm”, Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics,
vol. 4, No. 3

[22] A. Wakatani, (Jan 2002) “Digital Watermarking for ROI Medical Images by Using Compressed
Signature Image", Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on System Sciences,
[23] Yusuk Lim, Changsheng Xu, and David Dagan Feng, “Web based Image Authentication Using
Invisible Fragile Watermark”, Pan-Sydney Area Workshop on Visual Information Processing (VIP2001),
Sydney, Australia
[24] C.R. Rodriguez, F. Uribe Claudia, T. Blas Gershom De J, (2007) “Data Hiding Scheme for Medical
Images”, IEEE 17th International Conference on Electronics, communications and computers
[25] Hemin Golpira and Habibollah Danyali, (2009)“Reversible Blind Watermarking for Medical Images
Based on Wavelet Histogram Shifting”, IEEE
[26] Nisar Ahmed Memon, S.A.M. Gilani, and Shams Qayoom, (2009) “Multiple Watermarking of Medical
Images for Content Authentication and Recovery”, IEEE
AUTHORS
Ms. Sonika Rathi is pursuing her M. Tech in computer Engineering from College of
Engineering Pune, Maharashtra. She is graduated from Swami Ramanand Tirth
Marathwada University, Nanded in 2009. Her research interest are watermarking, data
mining and medical informatics.
Mrs. Vandana Shridhar Inamdar is Assistant Professor, at Department of Computer
Engineering & IT, College of Engineering Pune, Maharashtra. She is having more than
20 years experience in teaching along with 2 years industry experience. She has
registered for Ph.d in Pune university. Her Topic of research is- “Biometric
watermarking for digital media”. She has completed her M.E. Electronics from Pune
University, 1997. she is graduated from Shivaji University, 1989.

RANKING THE MICRO LEVEL CRITICAL FACTORS OF ELECTRONIC
MEDICAL RECORDS ADOPTION USING TOPSIS METHOD
Hossein Ahmadi1
, Maryam Salahshour Rad2
, Mehrbakhsh Nilashi3,*
, Othman Ibrahim4
,
Alireza Almaee5
1,2,3,4
Faculty of Computing, Universiti Technologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia 5Department of
Management, Rasht Payame Noor University, Rasht, Iran
ABSTRACT
In many countries, the health care sector is entering into a time of unprecedented change.
Electronic Medical Record (EMR) has been introduced into healthcare organizations in order to
incorporate better use of technology, to aid decision making, and to facilitate the search for
medical solution. This needs those professionals in healthcare organizations to be in the process of
changing from the use of paper to maintain medical records into computerized medical
recordkeeping opportunities. However, the adoption of these electronic medical records systems
has been slow throughout the healthcare field. The critical users are physicians which play an
important role to success of health information technology including Electronic Medical Record
systems. As a result user adoption is necessary in order to understand the benefits of an EMR.
Therefore, in the current paper, a model of ranking factors of micro-level in EMRs adoption was
developed. Surveys distributed to physicians as this study’s respondent in two private hospitals in
Malaysia. The findings indicate that physicians have a high perception means for the technology
and showed that EMR would increase physician’s performance regarding to decision making.
They have been and continue to be positively motivated to adopt and use the system. The relevant
factors according to micro-level perspective prioritized and ranked by using the Technique for
Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The aim of ranking and using this
approach is to investigate which factors are more important in EMRs adoption from the micro-
level perspectives. The results of performing TOPSIS is as a novelty which assist health
information systems (HIS) success and also healthcare organizations to motivate their users in
accepting of new technology.
KEYWORDS
EMRs, Adoption, TOPSIS, Micro-Level Adoption Factors

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A FRAMEWORK FOR A SMART SOCIALBLOOD DONATION SYSTEM
BASEDON MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING
Almetwally M. Mostafa
College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
&Faculty of Engineering, Alazhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Ahmed E. Youssef
College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA &
Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
GamalAlshorbagy
College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
ABSTRACT
Blood Donation and Blood Transfusion Services (BTS) are crucial for saving people’s lives.
Recently, worldwide efforts have been undertaken to utilize social media and smartphone
applications to make the blood donation process more convenient, offer additional services,
and create communities around blood donation centers. Blood banks suffer frequent shortage
of blood;hence, advertisements are frequently seen on social networks urging healthy
individuals to donate blood for patients who urgently require blood transfusion. The blood
donation processusuallyconsumesa lot of time and effort from both donors and medical staff
since there is no concrete information system that allows donorsand blood donation centers
communicate efficiently and coordinate with each other tominimize time and effort required
for blood donation process. Moreover, most blood banks work in isolation and are not
integrated with other blood donation centers and health organizations which affect the blood
donation and blood transfusion services’ quality. This work aims at developing a Blood
Donation System (BDS) based on the cutting-edge information technologies of cloud
computing and mobile computing. The proposedsystem facilitates communication between
blood donorsand blood donation centers and integrates the blood information dispersed
among different blood donation centers and health organizations acrossa
country.Stakeholders will be able to use the BDS as an application installed on their
smartphones to help them complete the blood donation process with minimal effort and time.
Thisapplication helps people receive notifications on urgent blood donation calls, know their
eligibility to give blood, search for the nearest blood center, and reserve a convenient
appointment using temporal and/or spatial information. It also helps establish a blood
donation community through social networks such as Facebook and Twitter.
KEYWORDS
Blood donation systems; Cloud computing; Mobile computing; Ontology.

REFERENCES
[1] Abdullah K. Al-Faris and others, Attitude to Blood Donation among Male Students at King Saud
University, journal of Applied Hematology 2013
[2] AK Al-Faris and others, Attitude to blood donation in Saudi Arabia, Asian journal of transfusion
science
[3] WHO Global Observatory for eHealth (2011) New horizons for health through mobile technologies.
Geneva: World Health Organization. Available:
http://www.who.int/goe/publications/ehealth_series_vol3/en/
[4] www.thelocal.se/36550/20111005
[5] Ramesh Singh, Preeti Bhargava, and SamtaKain, “Smart Phones to the Rescue: The Virtual Blood
Bank Project”, IEEE CS and IEEE ComSoc 1536-1268/07/$25.00 © 2007 IEEE Pervasive Computing
Magazine.
[6] IMA Launches SMS-Bases Blood Bank Service”, Available at:
http://beta.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/article318809.ece
[7] A. H. M. Saiful Islam, Nova Ahmed, KamrulHasan, and Md. Jubayer, mHealth: Blood Donation
Service in Bangladesh, 2013 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV).
[8] http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/Press/2013/May13/05-04AppsForAsiaPR.aspx
[9] The Blood Alliance services hospitals in Northeast Florida March 29, 2013
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.idon8&hl=en
[10] The Irish Blood Transfusion Service http://www.giveblood.ie/
[11] Blood transfusion guideline. Utrecht (The Netherlands): Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement
CBO; 2011. p. 60-107 Health Informatics-An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
[12] Marcus Foth, Christine Satchell, Jan Seeburger, and Rebekah Russell-Bennett. Social and mobile
interaction design to increase the loyalty rates of young blood donors. In Proceedings of the 6th
International Conference on Communities and Technologies (C&T '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 64-
73.
[13] Masser, B.M., White, K.M., Hyde, M.K., Terry, D.J.: The Psychology of Blood Donation: Current
Research and Future Directions. Transfusion Medicine Reviews 22, 215—233 (2008)
[14] Brionesa , R.L., Kucha , B., Fisher Liua, B., Jinb, Y.: Keeping up with the digital age: How the
American Red Cross uses social media to build relationships. Public Relations Review 37 (2011) 37- 43
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survey”, Future Generation Computer Systems, Vol. 29, pp84-106, Elsevier.
[16] Ahmed Youssef. Towards Pervasive Computing Environments with Cloud Services. International
Journal of Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing (IJASUC), 4(3):1-9, 2013.
[17] S. Perez, Mobile cloud computing: $9.5 billion by 2014, http://exoplanet.eu/catalog.php, 2010.
[18] http://www.socialblood.org

AN ELEMENTARY NOTE ON SKIN HYDRATION MEASUREMENT
USING MEMRISTIVE EFFECT
T. D. Dongale
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Shivaji University Kolhapur
ABSTRACT
The Memristor was predicted by Prof. L. Chua in 1971 and first prototype was reported by team of HP
researcher. The memristor follows interesting relation in the view of magnetic flux and charge. There
are tremendous applications areas emerged out in the framework of memristor in last few years. The
applications in the Memory Technology, Neuromorphic Hardware solution, Soft Computing are name
of few. The memristor was hidden at many instances in biomedical fields, but recently reported
literature revels that memristor is universal part of medical diagnosis. In the bird eye view of this
scenario, this paper deals with elementary note on the skin hydration measurement using memristor.
KEYWORDS
Forth Circuit Element; Memristor; Hydration Measurement

REFERENCES
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bioimpedance, J Electr Bioimp, vol. 3, 2012, pp. 20 –28.
[4] Yogesh N Joglekar and Stephen J Wolf, "The elusive memristor: properties of basic electrical
circuits", European Journal of Physics, vol. 30, 2009, pp. 661–675.
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1976, pp. 209-223.
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Devices, Proceeding of international Symposium on Nanoscale Architecture, 2010, pp.1-4. Health
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inductance in the squid giant axion, J Gen Physiol. 25; 1941; pp.29-51
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[11] Mauro A, Anomalous impedance, a phenomenological property of time-variant resistance – an
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[12] Johnsen GK, Lütken CA, Martinsen ØG, Grimnes S. Memristive model of electro-osmosis in skin.
Phys Rev E, 83, 031916, 2011.
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Retrieved: 28 December, 2012.
[14] Licht TS, Stern M, Shwachman H. Measurement of the electrical conductivity of sweat. Clin Chem.
1957;3; pp.37–48.
[15] Tronstad C, Johnsen GK, Grimnes S, Martinsen ØG. A study on electrode gels for skin conductance
measurements. Physiol Meas. 2010;31;pp.1395-1410.
[16] Martinsen, Ø. G., Grimnes, S., Lütken, C. A., & Johnsen, G. K. (2010, May). Memristance in human
skin. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 224, No. 1, p. 012071). IOP Publishing.
[17] S.P. Kosta, Y.P. Kosta, Mukta Bhatele, Y.M. Dubey, Avinash Gaur, Shakti Kosta, Jyoti Gupta, Amit
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3, No. 1, 2011
AUTHORS
Mr. T. D. Dongale was born in 1989, India. He did his Bachelors and Masters in
Electronics specialized in Embedded Systems. He is Assistant Professor in School
of Nanoscience and Technology, SUK, Kolhapur. He also qualified the State
Eligibility Test for Lectureship (SET) and National Eligibility Test for Lectureship
with Junior Research Fellowship (NET-JRF) during his secon d year of Masters
itself. He has been awarded ‘Merit Scholarship’ of the Shivaji University, Kolhapur
for securing the first rank in his graduation and post graduation studies. Moreover
he is also a recipient of the ‘Eklavya Scholarship’ for supporting his Masters
studies. He has to his credit 15 research papers published in reputed international
journals and author of three book ‘The Treatise on sensor interfacing’ (Germany, Lap- Lambert, 2012)’,
‘Annals of Scholarly Research in Electronic’, (Germany, Lap- Lambert, 2012)’, ‘ZigBee and RFID Based
System Design’, (Germany, Lap- Lambert, 2012)’. His current research interests are Fuzzy Logic,
Artificial Neural Network, Feedback Control System, Power Electronics and Memristor.

SURVEY OF OPEN SOURCE HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Bilan Jones, Xiaohong Yuan, Emmanuel Nuakoh, and Khadija Ibrahim
Department of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC
ABSTRACT
Due to the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH), the US
medical industry has been given a directive to transition to electronic health records. Electronic Health
Records will enhance efficiency and quality of patient care. In this paper, open-source health
information systems are surveyed.These systems include electronic medical records, electronic health
records and personal health record systems. Their functionality, implementation technologies used, and
security features are discussed.
KEYWORDS
Electronic Health Records, Health information systems, Electronic medical records, Personal health
records

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DEVELOPMENT OF A RESPIRATION RATE METER –A LOW-COST DESIGN
APPROACH
Souvik Das
Department of Biomedical Engineering JIS College of Engineering, West Bengal, India
ABSTRACT
Measurement of physiological parameters like respiration rate is crucial in field of medicine.
Respiration rate can indicate the state of rhythmic behaviour of heart and proper gaseous exchange in
blood. As per Medical research, respiratory rate is regarded as the marker of pulmonary dysfunction.
Respiration rate meters are used in measuring CO2 in expired air and in apnea detectors. It is also used
in daily physiological tests like stress-o-meter for assessing ones level of stress that he/she can perceive
in life after monitoring respiration rate, pulse rate and heart rate. This paper shed lights on the
development of a lowcost respiration rate meter using infrared sensing and associated digital electronic
circuitry. The proposed device is able to measure respiration rate in the range of 0-999
respirations/minute.
KEYWORDS
Respiration Rate Meter, Biomedical Device, Physiological Stress, Medical Electronics, Apnea Detector,
Digital Circuits

REFERENCES
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Heartbeat and Respiration Rate, IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems, Vol. 3 (2009),
p. 181-187.

[17] H. Miwa and K. Sakai: Development of heart rate and respiration rate measurement system using
body-sound, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Technology and
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Proceedings, IEEE International Workshop on Medical Measurements and Applications (2010), p. 19-
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Measurement System Using an Ultrasonic Proximity Sensor, IEEE sensors journal, Vol. 10 (2010), p.
1732-1739.
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Respiration Monitoring, IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine
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Authors
Mr. Souvik Das did his M.E. in Biomedical Engineering from Jadavpur University,
West Bengal and B.Tech in Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering from University
of Kalyani, West Bengal. His research interests include medical device development,
sensor development, patient care monitoring and biomechanics. He has 6 years of
teaching and 1 year research experience. He has published 10 research papers in
National and International Journals, conferences and seminars. He has also participated
and presented research papers in various National and International Conferences/ seminars/ symposiums
etc. He is member of IAENG, IACSIT, ISDWT and ISCOC

MHEALTH APPLICATIONS DEVELOPED BY THE MINISTRY
OF HEALTH FOR PUBLIC USERS INKSA: A PERSUASIVE
SYSTEMS DESIGN EVALUATION
Asmaa Shati
Department of Information Systems, IMSIU University, Riyadh, KSA Department of
Information Systems, KKU University, Abha, KSA
ABSTRACT
mHealth applications have shown promise in supporting the delivery of health services in
peoples’ daily life. Recently, the Ministry of Health in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (MOH)
has launched several mHealth applications to develop work mechanisms. Our study aimed to
identify and understand the design of mHealth apps by classifying their persuasive features
using the Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model and expert evaluation method. This paper
presents the distinct persuasive features applied in recent applications launched by MOH for
public users called “Sehha & Mawid” Apps. The results revealed the extensive use of
persuasive features; particularly features related to credibility support, dialogue support and
primary task support respectively. The implementation and design of social support features
were found to be poor; this could be due to the nature of the apps or lack of knowledge from
the developers’ perspectives. The findings suggest some features that may improve the
persuasion for the evaluated apps.
KEYWORDS
Persuasion, mHealth apps, The persuasive systems design model (PSD), MOH, Persuasive features.
For More Details: https://aircconline.com/hiij/V9N1/9120hiij01.pdf

REFERENCES
[1] M. Alhammad and S. Gulliver, "ONLINE PERSUASION FOR E-COMMERCE WEBSITES", In
Proceedings of the 28th International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference on HCI 2014-
Sand, Sea and Sky-Holiday HCI. BCS. pp. 264-269.
[2] C. Aranda-Jan, N. Mohutsiwa-Dibe and S. Loukanova, "Systematic review on what works, what
does not work and why of implementation of mobile health (mHealth) projects in Africa", BMC Public
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[3] P. Briñol and R. Petty, "Persuasion: Insights from the self-validation hypothesis", Advances in
experimental social psychology, vol. 41, pp. 69-118, 2009.
[4] S. Consolvo, P. Klasnja, W. McDonald, D. Avrahami, J.Froehlich, L. LeGrand, ... & J. Landay,
“Flowers or a robot army?: encouraging awareness & activity with personal, mobile displays,” In
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ubiquitous computing, 2008, pp. 54-63.
[5] B. Fogg, “A behavior model for persuasive design” , In Proceedings of the 4th international
Conference on Persuasive Technology, 2009, p. 40.
[6] X. Gu, X. Yang, H. Li, Jain and C. Liang, "Understanding the Role of Mobile Internet-Based Health
Services on Patient Satisfaction and Word- of-Mouth", International Journal of Environmental Research
and Public Health, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 1972, 2018.
[7] P. Klasnja and W. Pratt, "Healthcare in the pocket: Mapping the space of mobile-phone health
interventions", Journal of Biomedical Informatics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 184-198, 2012.
[8] S. Langrial, T. Lehto, H. Oinas-Kukkonen, M. Harjumaa, & P. Karppinen, “Native Mobile
Applications for Personal Well-Being: A Persuasive Systems Design Evaluation”, In PACIS, 2012, p.
93.
[9] D. Lockton, D. Harrison and N. Stanton, "The Design with Intent Method: A design tool for
influencing user behaviour", Applied Ergonomics, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 382-392, 2010.
[10] H. Oinas-Kukkonen, "Persuasive Systems Design: Key Issues, Process Model, and System
Features", Communications of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 24, 2009.
[11] T. Räisänen, T. Lehto and H. Oinas-Kukkonen, "Practical Findings from Applying the PSD
Model for Evaluating Software Design Specifications", Persuasive Technology, pp. 185-192, 2010.
Available: 10.1007/978-3-642-13226-1_19 [Accessed 8 November 2019].
[12] WHO Global Observatory for eHealth (2011) New horizons for health through mobile
technologies. Geneva: World Health Organization. available:
http://www.who.int/goe/publications/ehealth_series_vol3/en/
[13] A. M.Mostafa, A. E.Youssef and G. Alshorbag, "A Framework for a Smart Social Blood
Donation System Based on Mobile Cloud Computing", Health Informatics - An International Journal,
vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1-10, 2014. Available: 10.5121/hiij.2014.3401 [Accessed 3 December 2019].
[14] R. Hasanain, K. Vallmuur and M. Clark, "Progress and Challenges in the Implementation of
Electronic Medical Records in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review", Health Informatics - An
International Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-14, 2014. Available: 10.5121/hiij.2014.3201 [Accessed 3
December 2019]
AUTHOR
Asmaa Shati is a student of MSc (Information Systems) in University of IMSIU. She is working as a
Teaching Assistant, Department of Information Systems, University of KKU, KSA. Her research of
interest includes Human Computer Interaction, System Analysis and Design, Persuasion Technology and
Mobile Computing

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