1. By
Rauza
Nim. 0906102050001
THE USE OF CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND
LEARNING IN TEACHING WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
(AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AT SMPN
14 BANDA ACEH)
2. I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Problem
• Lack of vocabulary
• Organization
• Method or the technique did not motivate the
students to write a good text
Contextual Teaching and Learning
3. 1.2 Problem Formulation
Does the implementation of
Contextual Teaching and Learning
(CTL) method enhance students’ ability
in writing descriptive text?
4. 1.3 Research objective
The researcher wants to find out whether
the implementation of Contextual Teaching
and Learning (CTL) method enhance
students’ ability in writing descriptive text
or not.
6. 1.5 Research Scope
The research will be focused on the use of Contextual
Teaching and Learning (CTL) method in teaching
writing descriptive text to the second grade students
of SMPN 14 Banda Aceh.
7. 1.6 Research Hypothesis
• Alternative hypothesis (Ha): The implementation of
Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) method enhance
students’ ability in writing descriptive text.
• Null hypothesis (Ho): The implementation of Contextual
Teaching and Learning (CTL) method does not enhance
students’ ability in writing descriptive text.
8. 1.7 Theoretical Orientation
1.7.1 Contextual Teaching and learning
CTL is the way or the concept of teaching that help
teacher and students to relate subject matter to real life
situation and motivate students to connect and apply all
aspects of learning into their role in real life (Berns and
Errickson in Wijarwadi, 2008:25).
9. 1.7.2 Writing
According to Boardman
(2002:11) writing is a
continuous process of
thinking and organizing,
rethinking, and reorganizing.
Nunan (2003:88) defines
writing as the process
thinking to get the ideas, to
express them, and to arrange
them into statements and
paragraphs in writing.
10. 1.7.3 Descriptive
Trianingsih (2010:5) defines that descriptive text is a text in
which the writer described the features of someone,
something, or a certain place. She further explains there are
two characteristics of descriptive text; identification and
description.
11. 1.8 Operational Definition
1.8.1 Contextual Teaching and Learning ( CTL)
Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) method is a conception
of teaching and learning that helps teachers relate subject
matter content to real world situations and motivates students
to make connections between knowledge and its applications
to their lives as family members, citizens, and workers.
12. 1.8.2 Writing
Writing is an activity to arrange
words into a good sentence and
paragraph. Writing is one of the
way to express our experience in
an essay.
1.8.3 Descriptive
Descriptive text is a kind of the
text which describes a person,
place or particular things. In
descriptive, there are two
characteristics namely
identification and description.
13. II. RESEARCH DESIGN
2.1 Research Method
The research method will be used in this study is
experimental research. The researcher uses one group
pretest and post test design.
14. 2.2 Population and Sample
• Population
The second grade students of SMPN 14 Banda Aceh
• Sample
The number of students is 27 students
Random sampling
16. 2.4 Technique of Data Collection
Pre- test
Treatment
Post-test
17. 2.5 Technique of Data Analysis
• Mean (M)
𝑀 =
𝑑𝑥
𝑁
Where:
M = Mean
𝑑 = total score of post-test-
total score of pre-test
N = Number of students
• The standard deviation (SD)
SD =
𝑋−𝑀
2
𝑁−1
Where:
SD = Standard Deviation
𝑋2 = Sum
• T-score
𝑡 =
𝑀𝑑
𝑥2 𝑑
𝑁 (𝑁 − 1)
Where:
t = the significant of score ∑x2d= sum of difference value pre-test and post test
Md =
𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡−𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
N = number of student
