The Progressive Era sought to address problems that arose from rapid industrialization and urbanization through social, political, and economic reforms. Reformers aimed to promote social welfare, expand democracy, and create economic reform. Politicians like Theodore Roosevelt promoted fairness for workers, consumers, and businesses through trust-busting and consumer protection laws. The Square Deal policy enforced antitrust laws and regulated industries while conserving natural resources and establishing agencies like the Forest Service. However, Roosevelt faced opposition when cautiously addressing civil rights and was limited in further reforms to avoid angering Southern voters.

1. The Progressive Era 1890-1920 Roosevelt and Progressivism