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The structures of four isomers of an aldotetrose are given below. O H HO OH OH ?? ?? OH Which of the structures are Diastereomers of A? Enantiomers of C? Stereoisomers of D? Solution There are two stereocenters in aldotetrose, at C2 and C3. Stereoisomers are different molecules with same molecular formula and same connectivities, but which differ in the configuration of the stereocenter (R,S). Diastereomers are stereoisomers that differ in configuration of atleast one stereocenter but not all. Enantiomers are stereoisomers that differ in configuration of all the stereocenter. Now, coming to the questions. The diastereomers of A are the ones where they differ from A by having different configuration in only one of the stereocenter. Hence, B and D are diastereomers of A. En antiomers of C are the ones that have opposite configuration at every stereocenter to that of C. Hence, A is the enantiomer of C. Stereoisomers of D are molecules with same molecular formula and same connectivity, regardless of the configuration at the stereocenters. Hence, A,B, and C all are stereoisomers of D. .

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ISOMERISM IN ORGANIC COMPOUND BY SHIVAM SHARMA (BWU/BTS/20/122) TABLE OF CONTENTS Definition of Isomerism INTRODUCTION 01 TYPES OF ISOMERISM Types of Isomerism in a chart. 02 IN DETAILS All the types explained in detail. 03 End of Presentation 04 INTRODUCTION Isomerism is the phenomenon in which more than one compounds have the same chemical formula but different chemical structures.  Chemical compounds that have identical chemical formulae but differ in properties and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule are called isomers. Therefore, the compounds that exhibit isomerism are known as isomers.  The word “isomer” is derived from the Greek words “isos” and “meros”, which mean “equal parts”.  This term was coined by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius in the year 1830. Structural Isomerism Structural isomerism is commonly referred to as constitutional isomerism. The functional groups and the atoms in the molecules of these isomers are linked in different ways. Different structural isomers are assigned different IUPAC names since they may or may not contain the same functional group. The different types of structural isomerism are discussed in this subsection. Chain Isomerism  It is also known as skeletal isomerism.  The components of these isomers display differently branched structures.  Commonly, chain isomers differ in the branching of carbon

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Constitional: You can tell if a pair of molecules are constitutional by checking their molecular formulas and shape. If they have the same molecular fomulas but look different, they are constitutional isomers. Stereo: You can tell if a pair of molecules are stereo isomers by checking their molecular formulas, shape, and orientation. If they have the same molecular fomulas and look pretty much the same, then they might be stereo isomers. One key thing you have to look for however is orientation. The central atoms (probably carbon) must be bonded to 4 different ions or atoms, but the order of the bonds (or the orientation) must be different. The term for such central atoms is: chiral. So, if the central atoms are chiral, then they are stereo isomers Solution Constitional: You can tell if a pair of molecules are constitutional by checking their molecular formulas and shape. If they have the same molecular fomulas but look different, they are constitutional isomers. Stereo: You can tell if a pair of molecules are stereo isomers by checking their molecular formulas, shape, and orientation. If they have the same molecular fomulas and look pretty much the same, then they might be stereo isomers. One key thing you have to look for however is orientation. The central atoms (probably carbon) must be bonded to 4 different ions or atoms, but the order of the bonds (or the orientation) must be different. The term for such central atoms is: chiral. So, if the central atoms are chiral, then they are stereo isomers.

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Stereochemistry is the systematic presentation of a specific field of science and technology that traditionally requires a short preliminary excursion into history. Stereochemistry is the ‘chemistry of space ‘, that is stereochemistry deals with the spatial arrangements of atoms and groups in a molecule. Stereochemistry can trace its roots to the year 1842 when the French chemist Louis Pasteur made an observation that the salts of tartaric acid collected from a wine production vessel have the ability to rotate plane-polarized light, whereas the same salts from different sources did not have this ability. This phenomenon is explained by optical isomerism.

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The total electromagnetic power emitted by the sun is 3.8 x 1026 W. This energy is used to power a satellite orbiting Mercury through the use of solar panels. What force is exerted by solar radiation impinging normally on a 5.0 m2 totally absorbing solar panel attached to this satellite? The orbital radius of Mercury is 5.8 x 1010 m. Solution given P = 3.8*10^26 W r = 5.8*10^10 m A = 5 m^2 Intensity of radiation at the surface of the Mercury, I = Power/Area = P/(4*pi*r^2) = 3.8*10^26/(4*pi*(5.8*10^10)^2) = 8989 W/m^2 Radiation pressure on completely oborbing surface, P = I/c = 8989/(3*10^8) = 2.996*10^-5 N so, Force due to radiation, F = P*A = 2.996*10^-5*5 = 1.50*10^-4 N <<<<<<<<-------Answer .

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The Tinsley Company exchanged land that it had been holding for future plant expansion for a more suitable parcel located farther from residential areas. Tinsley carried the land at its original cost of $31,500. According to an independent appraisal, the land currently is worth $75,000. Tinsley gave $17,000 in cash to complete the transaction. Prepare the journal entry to record the exchange assuming the exchange has commercial substance. (If no entry is required for an event, select \"No journal entry required\" in the first account field.) Prepare the journal entry to record the exchange assuming the exchange lacks commercial substance. (If no entry is required for an event, select \"No journal entry required\" in the first account field.) Solution 1) Land: fair value $75,000 cash:paid + $17,000 New parcel = $92,000 2) New parcel = $92,000 Gain on exchnage = $43,500 cash = $17,000 land = $31,500 3) New parcel = $48,500 cash = $17,000 land = $31,500 .

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The SRLY rules for consolidated tax returns are designed to keep corporations from trafficking their net operating losses. Explain. Solution The SRLY ( Seperate Return Limitation Year) is applicable in case of consolidation of financial statement of parent company with subsidary companies. According to this rules if a company take over by another company where the subsidary company having losses in that case its losses cannot be merge with the profit of parent company at the time of consolidation. the subsidary company have to file a seperate return till the losses turn into profit. This rule is mainly made to keep the track of losses of coperate sector & to show the actual picture of the corporate groups. By following this rules Coperates are not allowed to hide the losses by merging with another company. Secondly they can\'t take the benefit of tax by adjusting losses with profit. Thirdly the true picture of every entity is showed so that stakeholders can\'t be cheated. .

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present synchronized savage code while (1) { getServingFromPot (); eat (); } present synchronized cook code here while (1) { refillPot (); } Solution servings = 0 mutex = Semaphore(1) emptyPot = Semaphore(0) fullPot = Semaphore(0) <Cook> while true: emptyPot.wait() putServingsInPot(M) fullPot.signal() <Savage> while true: mutex.wait() if servings == 0: emptyPot.signal() fullPot.wait() servings = M servings -= 1 getServingFromPot() mutex.signal() eat() .

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