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Interoperability of Meta-Modeling Tools
1. Study of Interoperability between
Meta-Modeling Tools
Heiko Kern
University of Leipzig
Third Workshop on Model Driven Approaches in System Development
Warsaw, Poland, 08.09.2014
2. Motivation for Interoperability
Replacement of tools: Reuse of models
Development of tool chains: Combination of model processing
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Interoperability
Commercial License Open source
Version 7.2 Maturity level Version 2.6
Business Process Management Application domain Universal
Software AG, SAP Ecosystem Eclipse
Strategy, Design, Implementation,
Tools
Controlling Platform
GMF, CDO, Epsilon, ATL, XText,
BPMN, UML
3. Objective of the Study
Interoperability
Focus is on the exchange of models and meta-models
Migration of models between different tools
Research: State of the art in the area of model exchange
What is the degree of interopability?
What are the approaches to realize interoperability?
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5. Scope of the Study
Unification
Mechanism
Common Structure Transformation
Modeling
Level
Model Level Language Level
Topology Point-to-Point Complex Topology
Integration
Layer
Data Function Presentation
Presentation
Function
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Data
Presentation
Function
Data
Presentation
Function
Data
6. Tool Selection
Initial tool search
Meta-modeling tool,
meta-case tool,
modeling tool,
Maturity level
Installable and usable
Concrete syntax
Graphical modeling
Modeling domain
Universal/general,
Software development
Buisness processes
Data modeling
Meta-modeling
Heavyweight
63 tools and 20 meta-modeling
tools
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Name
Meta-modeling
(light/heavy)
Incl.
Agilian ●/● ●
Altova UModel ●/-
ArgoUML ●/-
Archi -/-
ARIS Business Arch. ●/● ●
ARIS Express -/-
Artisan Studio ●/-
Astah ●/-
AToM3 -/● ●
bflow Toolbox -/-
Bizagi Process Modeler -/-
BOUML -/-
Business Process VA -/● ●
Cadifra UML Editor -/-
CaseComplete -/-
ConceptDraw -/● ●
Cubetto Toolset -/● ●
Database Design Tool -/-
DB Wrench -/-
dbConstructor -/-
DbSchema -/-
Dia -/● ●
Edraw Max -/● ●
Enterprise Architect -/● ●
ER Creator -/-
ER/Studio Software Arch. ●/-
ER/Studio Business Arch. -/-
GME -/● ●
Gliffy -/-
Grapholite -/-
iGrafix Process -/● ●
Intalio BPMS Designer -/-
Name
Meta-modeling
(light/heavy)
Incl.
Lucidchart -/● ●
MagicDraw ●/-
Maram Meta-Tools -/● ●
MetaEdit+ -/● ●
Microsoft Visio -/● ●
Modelio ●/-
NClass -/-
Objecteering ●/-
objectiF ●/-
Open ModelSphere ●/-
ORM Designer -/-
Poseidon for UML -/-
Papyrus ●/-
PowerDesigner ●/● ●
Process Modeler -/-
RISE -/-
Select Architect ●/-
SemTalk -/-
Signavio Process Editor -/-
SmartDraw -/-
Topcased ●/-
UML Lab ●/-
UMLet -/-
ViFlow -/● ●
Violet UML Editor -/-
Visual Paradigm for UML ●/● ●
Visual Use Case -/-
Visualization and Modeling
-/● ●
SDK
WinA&D -/-
Xcase -/-
yED -/● ●
7. Tool Analysis
Installation
User interface
Documentation
Export and import
capababilities
Save and load
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9. Unification Mechanism
Common structure
Tool-specific formats for saving and loading
GXL, GRAPHML, ARIS DB, XML
Language-specific format for exchange
BPMN-XML, XPDL, UML-XMI
Depends on the modeling domain
Some tools support a common format for exchnage
Visio (VDX), XMI
XMI is used in context of MOF, EMF and UML
Result: No common structure
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10. Unification Mechanism
Transformation-based
Two tools support a transformation-based approach
Visual Paradigm
Visio import
Mapping between
model elements
ARIS Business Architect
Visio import
Mapping between
meta-model elements
Result: Simple mappings, not comparable with
M2M-transformations
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<mapping>
<model id="EPC" aristype="13">
<symbols>
<symbol uniquename="Event" aristype="1"/>
<symbol uniquename="Function" aristype="335"/>
</symbols>
<connections>
<cxn arissrctype="Function"
aristrgtype="Function" cxntype="118" />
</connections>
</model>
</mapping>
11. Modeling Level
Model level
Language-specific format for exchange
Depends on the modeling domain, e.g. BPMN, XPDL, …
Generic format for the exchange of each model independent of a
specific language
MetaEdit – GXL-adaption
ARIS – ARIS DB
…
Import of Visio models excluding their languages
Visual Paradigm
ARIS Buisness Architect
Edraw Max
Lucidchart
Dia
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12. Modeling Level
Language level
Two tools allow the exchange of modeling languages and models
conforming to these languages
(1) ConceptDraw and (2) iGrafix
Visio import
Stencil import via model import
iGrafix uses the clipboard
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Microsoft Visio ConceptDraw iGrafix
13. Degree of Interoperability
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+ model level □ language level
380 possibilities (20 x 20 - 20)
30 x exchange → 7.9%
27 x specific language → 7.1%
3 x each language → 0.8%
14. Summary
Investigation of 20 meta-modeling tools
Unification mechanism
Common structure
No common structure/format for exchange
Maybe Microsoft Visio
Transformation-based: Simple mappings
Modeling level
Model level: Import of Visio models without their stencils
Language level: Import of Visio models and their stencils
Low degree of interopability between tools
Future work
Mapping-Based exchange of models between meta-modeling tools
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