2. Development- is the process of
growth and change that people go
through in life
Stages-a step, level, or period in
the development or progress of
something.
Tasks-a piece of work that
somebody is given to do, usually
short in duration or with a deadline
3. Robert J.
Havighurst
a professor, physicist, educator,
and aging expert
Children learned by rote and
little concern was given to how
children developed.
1948 to 1953 he developed his
highly influential theory of
human development and
education.
4. From there, Havighurst recognized
that each human has three sources
for developmental tasks.
Tasks that arise from physical
maturation
Tasks that arise from personal
values
Tasks that have their source in
the pressures of society
5. Infancy and early childhood
Middle childhood
Adolescence
Early adulthood
Middle Age
Later Maturity
6.
7. Infancy and early
childhood,
which lasts from birth to
age 5. Learning to walk.
Learning to
take solid
foods
Learning to talk
Learning to control
the elimination of
body wastes
Learning sex
differences
and sexual
modesty
Distinguish right from
wrong through
development of
conciense
Relate emotionally to
others
Forming concepts
and learning
language to
describe social and
physical reality.
Achieve
personal
independence
8. Middle childhood lasts from
age 6 to age 12
1. Learning physical skills necessary for
ordinary games.
2. Building wholesome attitudes toward
oneself as a growing organism
3. Learning to get along with age-mates
4. Learning an appropriate masculine or
feminine social role
5. Developing fundamental skills in
reading, writing, and calculating
9. 6.Developing concepts necessary for
everyday living.
7.Developing conscience, morality, and
a scale of values.
8.Achieving personal independence
9.Developing attitudes toward social
groups and institutions
10. Adolescence,
which lasts
from age 13 to
age 18
Achieving new
and more
mature
relations with
age-mates of
both sexes
Achieving a
masculine
or feminine
social role
Accepting one's
physique and using
the body effectively
Achieving
emotional
independence
of parents and
other adults
Achieve
assurance of
economic
independence
11. Preparing for marriage and
family life
Preparing for an economic career
Acquiring a set of values and an ethical
system as a guide to behavior; developing
an ideology
Acquire skills necessary to fulfill civic
responsibilities
12. Early adulthood lasts
from age 19 to age 30
Selecting a mate
Learning to live
with a marriage
partnerRearing children
Starting a family
Achieving a
masculine or
feminine social
role
Managing
a home
13. >Getting started in an
occupation
>Taking on civic responsibility
>Become part of social group
14. Middle Age lasts from
age 30 to age 60
Achieving adult civic and social
responsibility.
Establishing and maintaining an
economic standard of living
Assisting teenage children to become
responsible and happy adults
Developing adult leisure-time activities
15. Relating oneself to one’s
spouse as a person
Accepting and adjusting
to the physiologic
changes or middle age
Adjusting to aging
parents.
16. Later Maturity is the time of
life after age 60
Adjusting to decreasing physical strength and
health
Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
Adjusting to death of a spouse
Establishing an explicit affiliation with one’s
age group
Meeting social and civil obligations
Establishing satisfactory physical living
arrangement