3. INTRODUCTION
• Whether work in a business organization or an educational
institution, or you are a student, its is essential that possess
good public speaking skills. Throughout your career you are
bounded or encounter to numerous situation where you have to
make an effective presentation.
• The more successful your career the more often you will be called
upon to make presenation for variety of situation and audiences.
4. DEFINING PURPOSE
• Generally presentation is arranged for an explanation of
particular issue to bring general awareness among the workers,
for teaching purpose, and to divert your target mass in
particular direction.
• Presentation may be for collaboration, for problem solving, for
making a major decision, for in creasing audiences'
understanding of a particular subject.
• In short, presentation includes , information, analyzing,
explanation and persuasion.
5. ANALYSING AUDIENCE AND
LOCALE
• Before presentation it is very necessary to understand the
audience and the place where you are going to present your
views. One should understand the audience properly in order to
prepre the message effectively. Understanding audience
includes: to know their level, knowledge, background, culture,
expectations etc. An effective speaker makes ample efforts to
understand audience.
• Another point of discussion is locate. Locate means the
place/location where you are presenting. If you are presenting in
foreign country , the linguistic problems may arise. Even due to
different culture the problem may be arised. It is advisable for
the speaker to understand the location.
6. ORGANIZING CONTENT
• It becomes very important for the speaker to organize the
content logically. The speaker comes with different kinds of
information regarding the topic of presentation. If this
information is not logically connected the problem of
communication gap may occur. The content can be
arranged/organized in three categories:
• Introduction
• Body
• conclusion
7. Introduction: This section of the presentation talks about the relevance of the topic,
definition of the topic or starts with any suitable quote, anecdote or brief story of
the topic which leads the audience to understand the importance of the topic.
Body: The body of the presentation contains the main or central idea. It is the duty
of the speaker to make the body of presentation logically organized. It muse be
supported with relevant examples, details and data.
the following are different way to organize the body of the presentation:
1. Chronological
2. Categorical
3. Cause and effect
4. Problem-solution
5. Contrast and comparison.
Conclusion: this section contains brief summary of the points which are discussed in
the body. appropriate words should be used to conclude the topic.
8. PREPARING AN OUTLINE
• Preparing an outline is a mechanical framework in which the
contents of presentation arranged in order to deliver.
• An outline serves as a guide to show the speaker the right parth
for the presentation. Knowing the outlined sequence like
Introduction, body and content well in advance gives the speake
the confidence to control his or her speech anxiety.
9. VISUAL AIDS
• I remember Chinese proverb: "a picture is work thousand words"
It means visual medium is the best medium of presentation.
Visual aids may be used to as notes to emphasis and clarify the
points of the topic.
• It also increase audiences' interest in the presentation. In order
to understand abstract ideas visual aids become an important
medium. It includes use of charts, picture, power point
presentations etc.
10. NUANCES OF DELIVERY
• In oral presentation the style or the shade of delivery is very
important Basically there are four modes of delivery.
• Extemporaneous
• Manuscript
• Impromptu
• Memorization
11. EXTEMPORANEOUS: It is very popular as it is a spontaneous over flow of
the subject. It does not require detailed preparation but to look the main
points and start in form of the audience. It requires best oratory skills.
MANUSCRIPT: Another mode of deliver is manuscript . It means the speech
is written in a paper and speaker has to read only. It is the most easy mode
of presentation since the speaker is not required to recollect any matter and
no need to memorize it. Simply louder reading of text would serve the
purpose.
IMPROMPTU: It is an informal style of presentation. It is used for informal
speech or at familiar group. It is generally used at non business gathering. It
is very natural in tone so gives no stress to speaker and listener understand
it easily.
MEMORIZATION: This mode of presentation is most difficult. As one has to
memorize the whole speech and have to narrate it.
12. KINESCICS
• Kinesics is the name given to the study of the body’s physical
movement.
• Nodding your head, blinking your eyes, shrugging shoulders,
waving the hands, and other such physical activities are all form
of communication.
• Non verbal communication refers to all communication that
occurs without the use of words either written or spoken.
• It is important that we know more about these feature of body
language because the verbal component of oral communication
carry less than 35%.
14. PROXEMICS
• Proxemics is the study of physical space in interpersonal relationship.
• There are 4 kinds of distance that people generally use in communication. This can vary by
place and different cultures have different standards. These are known as realms of
personal territory. Let's talk about these now.
• Public space is the space that characterizes how close we sit or stand to someone, like a
public figure or public speaker. So, if you are at an event listening to a professor give a
lecture, you are probably about 12-25 feet away.
• Public space is appropriate when you are listening to a lecture public space; lecture
• Social space means we're getting a little closer, about 4-12 feet away. This is the kind of
space you're probably in if you're talking to a colleague or a customer at work.
• Personal space is even closer. In this case, you're probably about one foot to four feet away
from someone. This is reserved for talking to friends or family.
• Intimate space is for people who you are very close to. In this case, you're probably less
than a foot away and you might even be touching the other person.
15. PARALINGUISTIC
• Paralinguistic feature are non-verbal cues that helps you to give
urgency to you voice.
• Voice gives extra life to delivery. Therefore you may find it useful to
understand the characteristic nuances of voice namely:-
• Quality
• Volume
• Pace/Rate
• Pitch
• Pronunciation
• Pauses
16. CHRONEMICS
• Chronemics is the study of how human being communicate
through their use of time.
• In the professional world, time is valuable commodity. When you
are late for an appointment, people react negatively. If you are
early you are consider either over eager or aggressive. So always
be on time. Through time, you communicate both subtly and
explcity.
• The shorter the time allowed, the more diffcuit the task. The
more diffcuit the task, the greater the need not just for planning
and effective visual aids but also for diligent rehearsal.
