1. WELCOME TO OUR
PRESENTATION
GROUP 2

2. Escaping without you with on the
My is running wild trying hard not to fall
You told me that you love me but say I’m just
is broken up into pieces
Cos I know I’ll never free my soul
it’s trapped between true and being alone
When my are closed the greatest told
I woke and my are shattered here on the floor
Why oh why tell me why not me
Why oh why we were meant to be
Baby I know I could be all you need
Why oh why oh why
I wanna love you
if you only knew how much I love you
So why not me
nights shadows wall
mind
a friend
my heart
eyes story
dreams
love

3. Parts
of
speech

4. Common
nouns
Proper
nouns
Possessive
nouns
Collective
nouns
Countable
nouns
Uncountable
nouns
Compound
nouns
NOUN

5. is name of people, places, things and
ideas .
Example: Jimmy reads a book in the
zoo.

6. a car Lee Min Ho

7. Common nouns Proper nouns
lake Lake Baikal
car Ford Focus
film Harry Potter
ocean The Atlantic Ocean
restaurant Burger King
soldier Corporal Jones
supermarket Walmart
tea Earl Grey

9. apples water

10. Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
- Countable nouns often
refer to:
+ things (e.g. table, book)
+ people (e.g. boy, student)
- Uncountable nouns often refer to:
+ substances (e.g. food, water)
+human feelings (e.g. anger,
happiness) or qualities (e.g.
honesty, pride)
+ activities (e.g. help, sleep)
+abstract ideas (e.g. beauty, death)
- A countable noun can be
singular (e.g. banana) or
plural (e.g. bananas)
- An uncountable noun has only
one form (e.g. rice)
- We can use numbers with
countable nouns
-We cannot use numbers with
uncountable nouns

11. - We cannot use singular
countable noun alone (without
a/ the/ my/ etc.):
I want a banana. (not I
want banana)
There’s been an accident.
(not There’s been accident)
-We can use uncountable
nouns alone (without the/
my/ some/etc.):
E.g. I eat rice everyday.
There’s blood on your
shirt.
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
-We can use plural countable
nouns alone.
I like bananas.

12. - We can use a/an with
singular countable nouns.
E.g. a book , an envelope,
a cow, a beach
- Cannot normally use
a/an with uncountable
nouns.
E.g. sugar, water, luggage
-We can use many, both,
each, few, several only
with countable nouns.
E.g. We didn’t take many
photos.
-We can use much, little,
a bit of with uncountable
nouns.
E.g. I have a little work to
do.
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

13. Common problems with countable and uncountable nouns
1. Uncountable nouns used as countable nouns:
Although substances are usually uncountable nouns, they
can be also used as count nouns:
I’d like a coffee please. = I’d like a [cup of] coffee.
May I have a white
wine?
=
May I have a [glass of]
white wine?
They had over twenty
cheeses on sale.
=
They had over twenty
[types of] cheese on sale.

14. Common problems with countable and
uncountable nouns
2. Some nouns have both a countable and an uncountable
form:
E.g. We should always have hope.
George had hopes of promotion.
Travel is a great teacher.
Where did you go on your travels?

15. Common problems with countable and
uncountable nouns
3. Nouns with two meanings:
Some nouns have two meanings, one countable and the
other uncountable:
E.g. She works in the computer business. (= trade)
There are six big businesses in this city. (= company)

16. Common problems with countable and uncountable nouns
4. Uncountable nouns that end in –s:
Some uncountable nouns end in -s so they look like plurals
even though they are singular nouns.
These nouns generally refer to:
Subjects of study: mathematics, physics, economics, etc.
Activities: gymnastics, athletics, etc.
Games: cards, darts, billiards, etc.
Diseases: mumps, measles, rabies, etc.

17. Singular and plural form of nouns
Regular spelling
-s after most
nouns
cat
dog
duck
cats
dogs
ducks
-es after nouns
ending in
-o
-s
-x
-ch
-sh
potato
class
box
watch
bush
potatoes
classes
boxes
watches
bushes
consonant + y -ies country countries
singular plural

18. Note
Vowel + y add -s -ay
-ey
-oy
-uy
day
key
boy
guy
days
keys
boys
guys
Some nouns ending in –o, we can add -s or -es
buffalo
cargo
commando
grotto
halo
mosquito
tornado
volcano
buffalos
cargos
commandos
grottos
halos
mosquitos
tornados
volcanos
buffaloes
cargoes
commandoes
grottoes
haloes
mosquitoes
tornadoes
volcanoes
singular plural
or
singular plural

19. The plural of nouns ending in -o
• nouns ending in vowel + -o or double o: bamboos,
folios, kangaroos, radios.
Some plural nouns ending –o, we add-s (not -es)
• abbreviations: kilos, photos.
• Italian musical terms: pianos, solos, sopranos.
• proper nouns: Eskimos, Filipinos.
Note

20. Irregular spelling
Some endings in –f/ -fe -ves wife wives
leaf leaves
Note: some nouns have regular and irregular
plural pronunciation and spellings:
dwarf
hoof
scarf
wharf
dwarfs
hoofs
scarfs
wharfs
dwarves
hooves
scarves
wharves
singular plural
or

21. Internal vowel change man men
woman women
child children
person people
foot feet
tooth teeth
mouse mice
No change sheep sheep
fish fish
deer deer
Irregular spelling
singular plural

22. There are three different cases
/s/ after
/t/ pets, pockets, skirts
/θ/ depths, months, myths
/f/ chiefs, coughs, proofs
/p/ drops, taps, tapes
/k/ cakes, forks, knocks

23. /iz/ after
/z/ mazes, noises, noses
/dʒ/ bridges, oranges, pages
/s/ buses, classes, masses
/ʃ/ bushes, crashes, dishes
/tʃ/ matches,patches, speeches
/ks/ axes, boxes, taxes

24. /z/ after
/b/ tubs, tubes, verbs
/d/ friends, hands, roads
/g/ bags, dogs, legs
/l/ bells, tables, walls
/m/ arms, dreams, names
/n/ lessons, pens, spoons
/ŋ/ songs, stings, tongues
vowel + /r/ chairs, doors, workers
vowel sounds eyes, ways, windows

25. NOTE
The plural of house (houses)is pronouced /haʊziz/.
Nouns ending /θ/ is pronounced /z/ and /s/ in the
plural: baths, mouths, truths, paths.

26. a chicken
a brood of chickens
Collective noun

28. WHAT IS COLLECTIVE
NOUN?
Words for groups of
- people
- animals
- things
are called collective nouns.

29. - Here are more collective nouns you can use for
groups of people.
a __________ of shoppers
a __________ of thieves
a __________ of actors
a __________ of judges
a __________ of schoolchildren
a __________ of soldiers
gang crowd company
panel class platoon

30. - Many groups of animals have their own special collective
nouns.
• A wolf
• A whale
• A bee
• A puppy
• An elephant
• A lion
• A sheep
• A chicken
• A fish
• A bird
• A monkey
• A goose
• A pack of wolves
• A pod of whales
• A swarm of bees
• A litter of puppies
• A herd of elephants
• A pride of lions
• A drove of sheep
• A brood of chickens
• A school of fish
• A flock of birds
• A troop of monkeys
• A gaggle of geese

31. • Some groups of things also have their own
special collective nouns.
- a bunch of bananas - a deck of cards
- a cluster of grapes - a flight of steps
- a bunch of flowers - a suite of rooms
- a bouquet of flowers - a suite of furniture
- a range of mountains - a set of tools
- a fleet of ships - a string of beads
- a fleet of vehicles - a grove of trees

32. • Some nouns name the amount or form of
something.
a loaf of bread
a ball of string
a bar of chocolatea bar of soap

33. The words a piece of mean a single serving or part of
something.
a slice/piece of bread/ cheese/ cake
a piece/square of chocolate
a sheet/piece of paper
a piece of chalk
a piece of information/ advice

34. May collective nouns be used with a singular verb
or a plural verb?

35. • Collective nouns may be used with a singular
verb or with a plural verb.
If the group is acting as a single unit, use a
singular verb.
E.g.
– The crowd was orderly.
If group members are acting as individuals, use a
plural verb.
– The crowd were clapping, yelling and cheering.
E.g.

36. Always use a plural verb with the collective
nouns, people and the police.
E.g.
Those people live in Asia.
The police have caught the thief.
(not Those people lives in Asia.)
(not The police has caught the thief.)

37. What happens if we put
these 2 words together?

38. A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or
more words.
mother-in-law
stick-in-the-mud

39. Compound nouns can also be formed using the following
combinations of words:
Noun + Noun toothpaste
Adjective + Noun monthly ticket
Gerund + Noun swimming pool
Preposition + Noun underground
Noun + Verb haircut
Noun + Preposition hanger on
Adjective + Gerund dry-cleaning
Preposition + Verb output

40. Noun + preposition + noun
E.g. son-in-law
Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil)
secretary of state
prefix + noun
E.g. antivirus
supermarket
postwar
* Compound nouns in which the second element is
capitalized or a number:
E.g. anti-Semitic (unfair treatment of Jews)
pre-1998

41. There are 3 forms for compound nouns:
1. open or spaced - space between words (tennis shoe)
2. hyphenated - hyphen between words (son-in-law)
3. closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words
(bedroom)
*Note:
There are no clear rules for writing compound nouns.
You will find the same word written in different ways:
E.g. ice-cream ice cream icecream

42. Meaning:
Compound nouns often have a meaning that is
different from the two separate words.
(a type of fish)

43. Stress:
In compound nouns, the stress usually falls on the
first syllable:
pancake
/ˈpænkeɪk/
snowman
/ˈsnəʊmæn/
lighthouse
/ˈlaɪthaʊs/

44. Plural forms of compound nouns
 Most compound nouns follow the normal convention
that would be used if the final part of the compound
were pluralized:
E.g. suitcases, handouts, swimsuits, housewives
 Where compounds end in the prepositions by or on the
first word in made plural:
E.g. passers-by, hangers-on
 Where compounds have three parts the first word is made
plural (if this word is the most “significant” word):
E.g. sisters-in-law but washing-up-liquids

45. subject
Notice that some noun phrases contain one word only.
We still call them noun phrases, because they can act as
subject, object, etc. in a clause.
My father gave my mother this book.
Marriage brought Dorothea unhappiness.
Indirect
object
direct
object
Noun phrase Noun phrase Noun phrase
Phrases
have:
2 words
1 word

46. Compound noun or Noun phrase?
noun marriage
determiner + noun a house
quantifier + noun
some
people
determiner + adjective + noun
a new
house
quantifier + determiner + noun
all those
children
quantifier + determiner + adjective + noun
all my
younger
brother
The noun phrase is built up in this way:

48. A possessive noun is used to show possession
(owning or having).
The girl’s shirt.
Can also show an attribute or aspect
The book’s pages.
Possessive nouns tell you who or what the
modified noun or pronoun belongs to.

49. The dog’s collar is red.
•The word “dog’s” is the possessive noun. It tells
you that the noun “collar” belongs to the dog.
•Add ’s to the end of a singular noun to make it
possessive.
E.g. The pony’s rider was too small.
Your brother’s attitude got him in trouble.
Amy’s report card was excellent.

50. •If the noun is singular and ends with an s, add ’s or
add only the apostrophe (’).
E.g.
•The bus’s engine stopped.
•The bus’ engine stopped.

51. We saw the children’s art work.
•Children +’s
•Nouns that are plural but DO NOT end in –s,
uses the apostrophe (’) s.

52. My sisters’ names are Erika and Rachael.
•Sisters+’
•With words that are plural and end with -s,
like “sisters”, add the apostrophe (’) to the
end.

53. Note:
•Sometime we omit altogether the noun that would
follow the possessive.
E.g. My car is older than Liz’s.
•The possessive without a following noun can also
describe someone’s home, or someone’s place of work.
E.g. We’re spending a few days at
(at his/ their house)
I have to go to the
Peter’s
The Smiths’
Baker’s. (=‘baker’s shop’)
Dentist’s.(=‘dentist’s surgery’)

54. •Add an apostrophe and s (’s) to form the possessive
of most singular nouns.
•Add an apostrophe (’) to form the possessive of
plural nouns that end with s.
•Add an apostrophe and s (’s) to form the
possessive of plural nouns that do not end with s.

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56. What kind of noun of these
words describing pictures?

57. What kind of noun of these
words describing pictures?

58. What kind of noun of these
words describing pictures?

59. What kind of noun of these
words describing pictures?

60. What kind of noun of these
words describing pictures?

61. What kind of noun of these
words describing pictures?

62. What kind of noun of these
words describing pictures?

66. croissant baguette toast twist bread

68. THANK YOU!