States of matter

2. Four States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

3. STATES OF MATTER :
Based on particle arrangement
Based on energy of particles
Based on distance between
particles

4. A. The Kinetic Theory (explains how the matter behaves)
1. All matter is composed of small particles
(atoms, molecules, or ions).
2.They are in constant, random motion.
3. They constantly collide with each other
and with the walls of their container.

5. SOLIDS
•Particles of solids
are tightly packed,
vibrating around a
fixed position.
•COHESION>ENERG
Y
Heat
Cold

6. SOLIDS
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids
 Solids have a definite shape and a definite
volume because the particles are locked into
place
 Solids are not easily compressible because there
is little free space between particles
 Solids do not flow easily because the particles
cannot move/slide past one another
 They don’t expand because of the same reason

7.  Particles of liquids
are tightly packed,
but have enough
energy to slide over
other particles
• COHESION=ENERGY
LIQUID

8. LIQUID
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids
Liquids have an indefinite shape and flow easily
because the particles have energy and can
slide to each other.
Liquids are not easily compressible because
there is just a little free space between particles.
Liquids have definite volum because their
cohesion is still high and the particles can’t run
away.

9. GAS
 Particles of
gases have a lot
of energy and
they move freely.
COHESION<ENERG
Y

10. GAS
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases
Gases have an indefinite shape and an
indefinite volume because the particles have a
lot of energy and they move easily
Gases are easily compressible because there is
free space between particles.
Gases flow very easily because the particles
move randomly and very fast

11. But what happens if you raise the
temperature to super-high levels…
between
1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything
just be a gas?

12.  A plasma is an
ionized gas.
 A plasma is a very
good conductor of
electricity
 Plasmas, like gases
have an indefinite
shape and an
indefinite volume.
 Plasma is the
common stateof
matter
The negatively charged
electrons (yellow) are freely
streaming through the
positively charged ions (blue).
PLASMA

13. Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames

14. 2. Lightning

15. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

16. The Sun is an example of a star in its
plasma state