geosphere components and how it changes

1. Students will be able to know what is the
geosphere components and what are the
many changes that happen to the geosphere
and what causes these changes.

2.  Hot spot
 Crust
 Mantle
 Molten rock
 Volcanoes
 Magma
 Tectonic plates
 Eruption
 Tension
 Folded mountains
 Fault
 Landslide
 Minerals
 Prairie
 Grassland
 Topsoil
 humus
Vocabulary words

3. 
 Include solid rocks and melted rock inside earth
 Include soil, rock pieces and landforms
 Landform is a physical feature found on earth's crust
or surface.
Such as, mountains or ranges , valleys, canyons, hills,
plains , plateaus and hills.
Landforms or earth’s surface appearance change over
time because of plate movements, weathering, erosion
and deposition.
Geosphere

4. 
 Crust
This is the layers on which you stand on. All the landforms as
mountains, jungles and oceans you know are carried on this layer.
It is the thinnest rocky outermost layer of the four layers.
It is made of tectonic plates that meet up at the plate boundary
In this layer, rocks are always in motion. They rise and sink. These
cause the tectonic plates to move and crash into each other at plate
boundaries causing mountain buildings, earthquakes and volcanoes
due to the movement of the liquefied layer beneath it (mantle)
 Mantle
This layer starts below the crust layer. It is the thickest layer.
At some locations, the rock is completely melted, which is called
magma. When this magma reaches near the crust, it erupts as Lava
from the volcanoes.
Earth’s layers

5. 
 Outer Core
This layer of the Earth is in a liquid state at a very high
temperature.
 Inner Core
This is the hottest layer of the Earth; much hotter than
the surface of the Sun. But, this layer is in the solid
state. Despite the fact that, it is the hottest part of the
Earth. This is because the inner core is under pressure
due to the weight of the other layers on it.
Earth’s layer

7. 
Volcanoes
 It is an opening in earth’s crust
 Located only at certain places on land and mostly on
ocean floor (at some continental and oceanic plate
boundaries)

8. 
 when one plate is pushed under another plate
 The plate melts under extreme heat and pressure as
it is pushed down into the mantle
 The melting forms magma which is stored
underneath the crust
 Magma can rest quietly for hundreds or thousands
of years
 A crack above the chamber or strong pressure can
make magma rush up towards earth’s surface as lava
How volcanoes happen?

9. 
 Active volcano
A volcano that is currently erupting or has recently
erupted
 Dormant volcano
A volcano that is has not erupted for some time but
scientists thinks that it may erupt in the future
 Extinct volcano
A volcano that will not erupt again
Types of volcanoes

10. 
Types of volcanoes

12. 
 Hot spot is an area where molten rocks from deep within the
mantle breaks through to the earth’s crust forming a volcano
mountain
 The plate keeps on moving in a certain direction away from the
hot spot where new mountains form
Hot spot

13. 
 tectonic plate slowly moves in the middle of the ocean
 Tectonic plate passes by a hot spot
 A volcano erupts from underwater to form a mountain
 A mountain grows taller than the ocean’s surface and
become a volcanic island
 Plates moves along with the island away from the hot
spot
 Hot spot forms a new mountain then an island above it
 This is over a million years process.
 Example Hawaiian island, Maui island, Kauai island,
Oahu island and Molokai island
 look at your book page 70
Volcanic Island
formation

14. 
 Tension is a force that pulls things apart, it moves earth’s
plates.
 Folded mountains:
 Is formed when plates are pushed together , the crust is
forced upward
Example: the Himalayas (still growing taller)
 Volcanic mountains :
 Is formed when one plate slide or pushed below the other
plate
Example: the Cascade Range
Types of Mountains
formation

15. 
 Fault block mountain: is formed when
1. one plate rubs past another plate
2. a force produced to twist and tear or pushes one part of
the crust against the other
3. Earth’s surface break apart at a plate boundary
4. One side of the boundary moves up and the other side
of the boundary moves down
Example: the Sierra Nevada mountains
Types of Mountains
formation

18. 
 Is a sudden movement of a large amount rocks and
soil down a slope pulled down by gravity.
 Causes of landslide
 natural
Volcanic eruptions
Heavy rains
Earthquake vibrations
 Human activity
Clearing the land of trees
Landslides

19. 
Landslide or mudslide

20. 
Watch in slide show
mode

21. 
Watch in slide show
mode

22. 
Watch in slide show
mode

23. 
 the rain is soaked into the ground
 The ground can no longer absorb water
 The water mixes with the soil forming mud
 The mud holds so much water and become very
heavy and can not stay on the slope
 A lot of mud flows down the slope
 It can knock down trees and destroy whatever is in
its path, causing rapid erosion of rocks and soil
changing the land features
How did landslides or
mudslides happen?

24. 
 Homework page 81
 Use the following links for extra support
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Kku4Ifcl7w
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjXSCumeqxo
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXiVGEEPQ6c
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNGUdObDoLk
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNGUdObDoLk
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9bKXY0OMxc
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UaaWoqlv9no
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAmqsMQG3RM
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krJLnXpemtQ
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdlEufZop-Y
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WgktM2luLok
Thanks