There are four major strains of thought in the universe of Black Nationalism. Those strains are Cultural Black Nationalism., Religious Black Nationalism, Political Black Nationalism, and Economic Black Nationalism. We will explore what has been described as the three periods of Black Nationalism. The first period was pre-classical African Nationalism or what has been called Pan-Negro Nationalism. After the Revolutionary War the second period occurred which was characterized by a critical mass of Africans brought to New England and Pennsylvania by the European Colonizers. This period witnessed the development of the Free African Society, African Masonic Lodges and Black Churches. These institutions were founded and developed by individuals such as Prince Hall and Richard Allen. The Post-Reconstruction Era marked the third period of Black Nationalism which was associated with the flowering of a variety of African American clergy circles. This period ushered in what has been described as modern-day Black Nationalism. Indeed, the term “Black Nationalism” has been used in American History to describe a body of social thought, attitudes, and actions ranging from the simplest expressions of ethnocentrism and racial solidarity to the comprehensive and sophisticated ideologies of Pan-Negroism to Pan-Africanism.” We will trace the development of Black Nationalism through the thinking of people such as Richard Allen, Marcus Garvey, George Padmore, Malcolm X, Elijah Muhammad, Reverend Albert Cleage and the phenomenon know as Black Power.

1. Teaching American History Grant
Jackson Public Schools
Dr. Leslie Burl McLemore

2. ―Got something to tell you, oh Lord, baby
Baby you know that ain't right
You cook cornbread for your husband
And biscuits for your man"
Biscuits for your man, biscuits for your
man‖
Catfish Blues - John Lee Hooker

3. There are four major strains of thought in the universe of Black Nationalism: Cultural Black
Nationalism, Religious Black Nationalism, Political Black Nationalism, and Economic Black
Nationalism. We will explore what has been described as the three periods of Black
Nationalism. The first period was pre-classical African Nationalism or what has been
called Pan-Negro Nationalism. After the Revolutionary War, the second period occurred
which was characterized by a critical mass of Africans brought to New England and
Pennsylvania by the European Colonizers. This period witnessed the development of the
Free African Society, African Masonic Lodges and Black Churches. These institutions were
founded and developed by individuals such as Prince Hall and Richard Allen. The Post-
Reconstruction Era marked the third period of Black Nationalism, which was associated
with the flowering of a variety of African American clergy circles. This period ushered in
what has been described as modern-day Black Nationalism. Indeed, the term ―Black
Nationalism‖ has been used in American History to describe a body of social
thought, attitudes, and actions ranging from the simplest expressions of ethnocentrism
and racial solidarity to the comprehensive and sophisticated ideologies of Pan-Negroism
to Pan-Africanism. We will trace the development of Black Nationalism through the
thinking of people such as Richard Allen, Marcus Garvey, George Padmore, Malcolm
X, Elijah Muhammad, Reverend Albert Cleage and the phenomenon known as Black
Power.

4.  Trace the origins of Black Nationalism.
 What role did the Black Church play in
the development of Black Nationalism?
 How would you compare the various
strains of Black Nationalism? In what
ways do they impact each other?
 How will Black Nationalism evolve in
the future? Will it fade away over time?

5. Black Nationalism

6. 
loyalty and devotion to a nation; especially: a
sense of national consciousness exalting one
nation above all others and placing primary
emphasis on promotion of its culture and
interests as opposed to those of other
nations or supranational groups

a nationalist movement or government
 Merriam –Webster Dictionary

7.  Black Nationalism (BN) advocates a racial
definition (or redefinition) of national identity, as
opposed to multiculturalism. There are different
indigenous nationalist philosophies but the
principles of all African nationalist ideologies are
unity, and self-determination or independence
from European society. Martin Delany is
considered to be the grandfather of African
nationalism.
 Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement
Association of the 1910s and 1920s was the
most powerful black nationalist movement to
date, claiming 11 million members.

8.  A movement that seeks to unify African
people or people living in Africa, into a "one
African community‖.
 Differing types of Pan-Africanism seek
different levels of economic, racial, social, or
political unity.

9. Four Major Strains

11.  Born Ronald McKinley Everett
 July 14, 1941
 African American professor Africana
Studies, activist and author
 Creator of the pan-African and
African American holiday of Kwanzaa
 Karenga was a major figure in the
Black Power movement of the 1960s
and 1970s
 Co-founded the black nationalist and
social change organization US which
means "Us Black people―
 Chair of the Africana Studies
Department at California State
University, Long Beach
 Director of the Kawaida Institute for
Pan African Studies

12.  April 1, 1949 - May
27, 2011
 Soul and Jazz
poet, musician and author;
known for his spoken word
 His collaborative efforts
with musician Brian Jackson
featured a musical fusion of
jazz, blues, and soul, as
well as lyrical content
concerning social and
political issues of the time
 Artistically influence to
many contemporary
musicians

14.  The Black Arts Movement (BAM) is
the artistic branch of the Black Power
movement.
 Started in Harlem by writer and
activist Amiri Baraka (born Everett
LeRoi Jones).
 Time magazine describes the Black
Arts Movement as the "single most
controversial moment in the history
of African-American literature –
possibly in American literature as a
whole‖
 It inspired black people to establish
their own publishing
houses, magazines, journals and art
institutions. It led to the creation of
African-American Studies programs
within universities

16.  Jaramogi Abebe Agyeman
 1911 - February 20, 2000
 Christian leader, political
candidate, newspaper
publisher, political
organizer and author
 Founder of the Shrine of the
Black Madonna Church and
Cultural Centers
 Studied Sociology at Wayne
State University
 Bachelor of Divinity from
Oberlin Graduate School of
Theology in 1943

17.  Born Elijah Robert Poole
 October 7, 1897– February 25, 1975
 The sixth of thirteen children
 Religious leader, mentor to Malcolm X
 Led the Nation of Islam from 1934
until his death in 1975
 1931 attended speech on Islam and
Black Empowerment by Wallace D. Fard
 1934 – Name minister of Islam
 1934 – the Nation of Islam published
its first newspaper, Final Call to Islam
 1942 – Arrested for failure to register
for the draft during WWII
 1972 – Nation of Islam net worth of
$75 Million

18. Black Nationalism

19.  The Nation of Islam is a syncretic religious
movement founded in Detroit, Michigan by
Wallace D. Fard Muhammad in July 1930. Its
stated goals are to improve the
spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition
of African Americans in the United States and all
of humanity. Its critics accuse it of being black
supremacist and anti-Semitic
 After Fard's departure in June 1934, the Nation of
Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who
established mosques called Temples, Schools
named Muhammad University of
Islam, businesses, farms and real estate holdings
in the United States and abroad.

20.  May 19, 1925 – February
21, 1965
 African American Muslim
Minister and human rights
activist
 Became a member of the
Nation of Islam in 1952
 For 12 years, he was the
face of the Nation of Islam
 As a spokesman for the
Nation of Islam he taught
black supremacy and
advocated separation of
black and white
Americans—in contrast to
the civil rights movement's
emphasis on integration.

24.  An activist-teacher-writer native of
Brooklyn’s Bed-Stuy
 One of the founding members of the
Black Panther Party as well as an
activist within the Student Nonviolent
Committee (SNCC) and the Black Arts
Movement of the Sixties
 He became one of the first Black
Studies directors in 1969 when he
was hired to chair Sarah Lawrence
College’s Black Studies program.
 A founding member of the Black
Student Congress, African Heritage
Studies Association, African
Liberation Support Committee, The
Black New York Action
Committee, Black Liberation
Press, and The New York Algebra
Project.

26. The Republic of New Afrika (RNA), was a social
movement that proposed three objectives.
 Creation of an independent African-American-
majority in the southeastern United States.
 Payment of several billion dollars in reparations
from the US government for the damages
inflicted on Africans and their descendants
 A referendum of all African Americans in order to
decide what should be done with regard to their
citizenship

27.  May 2, 1930 –
January 18, 2010
 Black separatist,
advocate for
reparations, and
President of the
Republic of New
Afrika (RNA)
 ―The Father of
Reparations‖

30.  August 1887 – June
10, 1940
 Jamaican political
leader, publisher, entrepren
eur and orator
 President of the Universal
Negro Improvement
Association and African
Communities League
 Founded the Black Star Line
 Part of the Back-to Africa
Movement which promoted
the return of the African to
their ancestral lands
Diaspora

31.  Black nationalist fraternal organization
 A
"social, friendly, humanitarian, charitabl
e, educational, institutional, constructive
and expansive society, and is founded
by persons desiring to do the utmost to
work for the general uplift of the people
of African ancestry of the world
 The broad mission of the UNIA-ACL led
to the establishment of numerous
auxiliary components, among them the
Universal African Legion, the African
Black Cross Nurses; African Black Cross
Society; the Universal African Motor
Corps; the Black Eagle Flying Corps; the
Black Star Steamship Line; the Black
Cross Trading and Navigation
Corporation; as well as the Negro
Factories Corporation.

34.  June 29, 1941 – November
15, 1998
 A prominent leader of the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC)
 Honorary Prime Minister of the
Black Panther Party
 ―Black Power‖
 1960 – Attend Howard University
 1961 – Participated in the
Freedom Rides of the Congress
of Racial Equality (CORE)
 At age 19, he became the
youngest detainee in the summer
of 1961
 1964 – offered a full scholarship
to Harvard but turned it down

36.  Founded in
Oakland, California by
Huey Newton and
Bobby Seale on
October 15, 1966
 African-American
revolutionary leftist
organization active in
the United States from
1966 until 1982.
 Became an icon of the
counterculture of the
1960s

37. 1. We want freedom. We want power to determine
the destiny of our black Community.
2. We want full employment for our people.
3. We want an end to the robbery by the white
man of our black Community.
4. We want decent housing, fit for shelter of
human beings.
5. We want education for our people that exposes
the true nature of this decadent American
society. We want education that teaches us our
true history and our role in the present-day
society.

38. 6. We want all black men to be exempt from military
service.
7. We want an immediate end to POLICE BRUTALITY and
MURDER of black people.
8. We want freedom for all black men held in
federal, state, county and city prisons and jails.
9. We want all black people when brought to trial to be
tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people
from their black communities, as defined by the
Constitution of the United States.
10. We want
land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and
peace. And as our major political objective, a United
Nations-supervised plebiscite to be held throughout the
black colony in which only black colonial subjects will be
allowed to participate for the purpose of determining the
will of black people as to their national destiny.

39.  February 17, 1942 – August
22, 1989
 Co-Founded the Black
Panther Party for Self Defense
 The youngest of seven
children from
Monroe, Louisiana
 As a student at Merritt
College in Oakland, Newton
became involved in politics
 Instrumental in getting the
first African American history
course adopted
 Member of Phi Beta Sigma
Fraternity

41.  October 22, 1936
 Co-Founded the Black
Panther Party
 Joined the U.S. Air Force in
1955
 Attended Merritt College in
1962 where he joined the
Afro-American Association
(AAA)
 One of the original "Chicago
Eight" defendants charged
with conspiracy and inciting
to riot, in the wake of the
1968 Democratic National
Convention, in Chicago

43.  How has Black Nationalism helped to inform
the national dialogue today?
 How can we utilize the thinking of the Black
Nationalist to provide a pathway to more
open society?
 How have we integrate the thinking of the
Black Nationalist into the national
conversation?