Recently, UWB (Ultra Wide Band) has attracted a lot of attention and become one of the most promising successor for short-range wireless communication technologies. The project aims to provide a extensive knowledge about this potential technology. Not only giving a introduction, we also compared advantages and disadvantages of UWB technology with currently used standards like 802.11a/b/g, 2G Cellular, Ethernet, Bluetooth, FastEthernet in terms of power consumption, spectral density, robustness against multipath and penetration capability, data rate in short distance, carrier-less transmission, etc. Additionally, we examine current applications and potential commercial uses of UWB in the future as an evidence for the versatile of this technology.

1. UWB
Jamal Boulmal - Hai Dinh Tuan
EP2950 Wireless Networks

2. • Introduction
• Advantages of Ultra Wideband
• Applications
• Conclusions
Agenda

3. An UWB system is defined as any radio system that has a fractional
bandwidth equal to or greater than 0.20 or has bandwidth equal to
or greater than 500 MHz, regardless of the fractional bandwidth
𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ =
2(𝑓𝐻 − 𝑓𝐿)
(𝑓𝐻 + 𝑓𝐿)
𝑓𝐻: higher frequency 𝑓𝐿: lower frequency
Introduction

4. European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) are still
working on it
Introduction (2)
FCC ETSI ARIB
Bandwidth > 500MHz > 50MHz > 450MHz
Frequency
band
3.1 – 10.6GHz 3.4 – 4.8GHz
6 – 8.5GHz
3.4 – 4.8GHz
7.25 – 10.25GHz

5. Consists of sub-nanosecond pulses => longer sleep time
Low power consumption

6. Chipsets power consumption level comparison
Low power consumption (3)
Application chipset Power consumption [mW]
801.11a 1500 – 2000
400 Mbps 1394 LSI 700
Mobile telephone RISC 32-bit MPU 200
Digital camera 12-bit A/D converter 150
UWB (target) 100
Mobile telephone TFT color display panel 75
MPEG-4 decoder LSI 50
Mobile telephone voice codec LSI 19

7. Multipath phenomenon is caused by reflection,
absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic energy by
obstacles between the transmitter and the receiver.
UWB is made of short pulses, that can be manipulated in
time domain so that they can reduce multipath fading.
Robustness against Multipath

8. Lower frequency, better penetration ability
Center frequency in UWB is relative low, which means a
good penetration ability.
Penetration Ability

9. In UWB, small amount of energy is spread over wide
bandwidth, consequently UWB has very low power
spectral density compared with other techniques
Low power spectral density
𝑃𝑆𝐷 =
P
B
=
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑊)
𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ (𝐻𝑧)

10. Comparison of power spectral density between wireless
communication technologies
Low power spectral density
System Transmission
Power
Bandwidth PSD (W/MHz) Classification
Radio 50 kW 75 kHz 666 660 Narrowband
Television 100 kW 6 MHz 16 700 Narrowband
2G Cellular 500 mW 8.33 kHz 60 Narrowband
802.11a 1 W 20 MHz 0.06 Wideband
UWB 0.5 mW 7.5 GHz 6.670 × 10-8 Ultra Wideband

11. Comparison of data rate
High Data Rate
Speed (Mbps) Standard
480 UWB( 2-4m ), USB 2.0
200 UWB (4m), 1394a (4.5m)
110 UWB (10-20m)
90 Fast Ethernet
54 802.11a
20 802.11g
11 802.11b
10 Ethernet
1 Bluetooth

12. Spatial capacity, an indicator for the ability of transmitting
at high data rate in short distances
High Data Rate in Short Distance
Spatial capacity bps m2 =
Maximum data rate [bps
Transmission area [m2
Transmission area m2 = π × (Transmission distance)2

13. Comparison of spatial capacity
High Data Rate in Short Distance
System Maximum data rate
[Mbps]
Transmission
distance [m]
Spatial capacity
[kbps/m2]
UWB 100 10 318.3
802.11a 54 50 6.9
Bluetooth 1 10 3.2
802.11b 11 100 0.350

14. Baseband (carrier-less) transmission
Reduce the complexity and size of end-systems by
eliminating D/A converter, digital pulse shaping filter,
equalizer, etc.
Compact and simple Device

15. • Military Applications
• Wireless Ad-hoc Networks
• Wireless Sensor Networks
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
• Consumer electronics and PCs
• Medical Applications
Applications

16. • Leyio – portable storage device
• Introduced in 2011
• Direct transfer files between devices
up to 10Mbps
Applications (2)

17. • Pulse~Link – Transceiver IC
• Continuous Pulsed UWB
• Raw data rate 1.35 Gbps
• Supports point-to-multipoint
• Frequency range of 3.3 – 4.7 GHz
Applications (3)

18. • Samsung SyncMaster C27A750
• Connect to laptop, gaming device
without cable.
• First monitor using UWB
Applications (4)

19. Advantages of Ultra wideband
• High data rate
• Robustness against fading
• Immunity to multipath
• Low cost transceivers
• Accurate positioning
Conclusion

20. UWB
Jamal Boulmal - Hai Dinh Tuan
EP2950 Wireless Networks

21. Very low duty-cycle
Low power consumption (2)
𝐷𝑢𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 =
𝑃𝑤
𝑇𝑝
× 100%
𝑃𝑤: pulse width 𝑇𝑝: pulse duration
Longer sleep time, which means lower power
consumptions compared to other technologies